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1st Semester Exam Re

QuestionAnswer
province - political district
astronomer - one who studies stars and planets
nomads - people who move from place to place regularly
specialization - act of training for a particular job
cuneiform - writing developed by the Sumerians that used wedge-shaped marks made in soft clay
polytheism - belief in more than one god
Assyrian army - ancient army that was considered advanced for the time; it had 50,000 soldiers with an infantry, cavalry, and charioteers
Sumerian city-states - not united, fought one another in order to increase trade
Neolithic Age villages - located near fields and water sources, such as rivers
river valleys - locations were good for farming
Agricultural Revolution - people began settling in communities and the population grew
ziggurat - Sumerian temple to honor their chief god
Egyptian temples - houses for their gods and goddesses
Egyptian advances - developed geometry, mathematics based on 10, and fractions
Egyptian society - at the top in the most important position was the pharaoh (all-powerful ruler), at the bottom were unskilled workers
pyramid - structure built to protect the body and supplies of the pharaoh
Hatshepsut - one of the few women rulers of ancient Egypt
Re - central god of the Egyptians, god of the sun
Narmer - ancient Egyptian pharaoh, he united upper and lower Egypt into one kingdom
Tutankhamen - minor Egyptian pharaoh who's tomb was found intact in 1922 AD
Osiris - Egyptian god of the underworld, he could grant life or death
mummy - embalmed body wrapped in cloth strips
savanna - grassy plains
hieroglyphics - system of writing made up of thousands of picture symbols developed by the ancient Egyptians
incense - material burned for its pleasant smell
papyrus - reed plant of the Nile River Valley, used to make a form of paper
dynasty - line of rulers from the same family
deity - god or goddess
tribute - payment made by one group or nation to another to show obedience or to obtain peace or protection
delta - area of fertile soil at the mouth of a river
exile - period of forced absence from one's country or home
prophet - person who claims to be instructed by God to share God's word
monotheism - belief in ONE GOD.
covenant - agreement
proverb - wise saying
Diaspora - refers to the scattering of communities of Jews outside their homeland after the Babylonian captivity
Judaism - The ancient Israelite faith is known as Judaism today.
alphabet - idea spread by the ancient Phoenician people
kosher -
Ruth - widow who chose to stay with her mother-in-law (Naomi) and said, "Wherever you go, I will go; wherever you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God my God."
David - second king of a united kingdom of Israel, brave warrior, poet, killed giant Goliath
Canaan - promised land of the Israelites; returned to this land after leaving slavery in Egypt and wandering in the desert for 40 years
Passover - Jewish holiday that celebrates how the Israelite sons were saved with lamb's blood over their door during Egyptian slavery
Hanukkah - Jewish holiday that celebrates the cleansing of the temple of all traces of Greek gods and goddesses by the Maccabees
Jerusalem - city where King Solomon of Israel built God's temple
Saul - first king of a united kingdom of Israel; he displeased God with his actions and God instructed the prophet Samuel to anoint David while Saul was still on the throne
synagogue - Jewish place of prayer and worship on Sabbath
Western Wall - only remaining portion of the temple in Jerusalem
agora - in early Greek city-states, an open area that served as both a market and meeting place
democracy - form of government in which citizens share the political power; ancient Athens is an example
peninsula - body of land with water on three sides
colony - settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties with its homeland
polis - early Greek city-state, made up of a city and the surrounding countryside and run like an independent country
philosopher - person who searches for wisdom and enlightenment
oligarchy - government in which a small group of people hold the power; ancient Sparta is an example
tyrant - person who takes power by force and rules with total authority
Greek alphabet - it is based on the ancient Phoenician alphabet
Zoroastrianism - ancient Persian religion, monotheistic
Sparta's military training - began for boys at age 7
purpose of Sparta's army - use to control its citizens and slaves
Peloponnesian War - war from 431-404 BC between ancient Athens and Sparta; Sparta needed a navy to defeat Athens, so the Spartans made a deal with the Persian Empire for enough money to built the ships
Greek trade - ancient Greeks made trade easier by minting (making) coins
Athens's democracy - women, foreign-born men, and slaves were NOT allowed to participate in the democracy of Athens
Battle of Marathon - battle during the Persian War; the Greeks with 10,000 soldiers defeated the Persian army of 20,000 with a surprise attack
Greek city-states - some of the ancient Greek city-states were democracies, which meant they were run by their citizens
negative of Sparta's army - Sparta was so focused on military training, the city-state fell behind other Greeks in trade and sciences.
myth - traditional story describing gods and heroes or explaining natural events
drama - story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story
tragedy - form of drama in which a person struggles to overcome difficulties but meets an unhappy end
comedy - form of drama in which the story has a happy ending
solid geometry - branch of mathematics that studies spheres and cylinders
plane geometry - branch mathematics that shows how points, lines, angles, and surfaces relate to one another
Socratic method - way of teaching that uses a question and answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves
fable - short tale that teaches a lesson
Hellenistic Era - period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek peoples of southwest Asia
Socrates - 469-399 BC, - teacher and philosopher in ancient Athens, he taught his students to question ideas, he was sentenced to death by the Athenian government for his teachings
Epicureanism - ancient Greek philosophy that taught happiness is the goal of life and the way to be happy was to seek out pleasure by spending time with friends and staying out of politics
Stoicism - ancient Greek philosophy that taught people happiness came from following reason, doing one's duty, and was founded by Zeno
Iliad - epic poem from ancient Greece written by Homer about the Trojan War
Odyssey - epic poem from ancient Greece written by Homer about King Odysseus's journey home after the Trojan War
epic - long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds
Greek gods - ancient Greeks were polytheistic, they believed their gods and goddesses controlled nature
example of Greek god: - Zeus - lived on Mount Olympus; king of the Greek gods; controlled lightening
Caste - social group a person was born into
Sanskrit - system of writing
The Ganges and the Indus Rivers - are India's most important rivers. The________________ is considered a goddess in the Hindu religion.
Karma - In Hinduism, good/bad energy built up by a person's actions.
Dharma - In Hinduism, divine law of duty
Reincarnation - n Hinduism, birth of a soul in different bodies over time
Hinduism and Brahman - central god in Hinduism, creator god, universal spirit
Buddhism and Siddhartha - founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha became known as Buddha
Pilgrim - person who travels to a religious shrine and site
stupa - Buddhist shrine shaped like a dome
Created by: kcopeland27
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