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Physics Ch. 1

QuestionAnswer
What is the aim of all sciences? The search for order in our observations of the world/
What are the details of the observation of events? Important first step toward scientific theory; requires imagination to tell what is important; includes the design and carrying out of experiments.
How do theories help? Created to explain and order observations; will make predictions.
What are observations? Will tell if the prediction is accurate, then repeat.
Define physics. Study of physical world. Includes physical universe, structure of atom, and how objects move. Ex. throwing a ball, electricity, a moving car.
What is the Scientific Method? 1.) Make observations and collect date, leads to a question. 2.) Formulate the hypothesis and test. 3.) Interpret results. 4.) State conclusion.
What are models? Create mental pictures to provide an analogy; limits in model and do not take too seriously. Ex. Bohr Model of an atom.
What are theories? Detailed and can give testable predictions. Ex. The Cell Theory.
What are laws? Brief descriptions of how nature behaves in a broad set of circumstances. Ex. Law of Gravity.
What are principles? Simimlar to a law, but applies to a narrower range of events. Ex. Pauli Exclusion Principle.
What are the four main rules for significant figures? Note: Zeros=0's. 1.) 0's between other non-zeros: sig fig. 2.) 0's infront of non-zero digits: not sig fig. 3.)0's that are at the end of a number & right of the decimal: sig fig. 4.) 0's at the end of the decimal but left of decimal: significant if measured.
How many sig figs in 2.321? 4.
How many sig figs in 0.062? 2.
How many sig figs in 80? 2 if measured, 1 if estimated.
How many sig figs in 0.3? 1.
How many sig figs in 0.50? 2, the '5' and second 0 (the one after the five) are significant.
Rule for sig figs when multiplying/dividing? The result of the multiplication/division has the fewest sig figs. Ex- 11.3 x 6.8= 77 cm.
Rule for sig figs when adding/subtracting? No more accurate than the least accurate used (use the decimal places).
True or false: No measurement is exact. Why is this true or false? True, because measurements are limited to the instrument's accuracy.
Define accuracy. Describes how close a measured value is to the true value.
Define precision. Refers to degree of exactness with which a measurement is made and stated.
Give the subject and examples of mechanics. Subject- Motion and what it causes. Examples- Falling objects, a car moving.
Give the subject and examples of thermodynamics. Subject- Heat and temp. Examples- Melting, freezing.
Give the subject and examples of vibrations and waves. Subject- Repetitive motion. Examples- Springs, pendulum.
Give the subject and examples of optics. Subject- Light. Examples- Mirrors.
Give the subject and examples of electromagnetism. Subject- Electricity and magnetism. Examples- Electrical charge, circuits.
Give the subject and examples of relativity. Subject- Particles moving at a high speed. Examples- Particle collisions.
Give the subject and examples of quantum mechanics. Subject- Behavior of submicroscopic particles. Examples- Parts of an atom.
Since 1983, the standard meter has been defined in terms of what? The distance travelled by light in 1/299,792,458 of a second, or 1/(speed of light). Previously- the length of a platinum bar in Paris.
Standard definition for a second of time has been based on what? Time for 9,192,631,770 periods to occur of radiation given off by caesium radition of a 133 atom.
What is the SI unit of time? Seconds (s).
What is the SI unit of mass? Kilogram (kg).
What is the SI unit of distance? Meter.
What is the SI unit of amount? Mole.
What is the SI unit of temperature? Kelvin (K).
What is the SI unit of luminous intensity? Candela.
What is the SI unit of current? Ampere (amp).
Created by: OliviaRoark
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