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Duration
Stage 6 flashcards for NSW Music 1: Duration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rhythmic Ostinato | A constantly repeated musical phrase in the same instrument or voice. An ostinato can be rhythmic, melodic or harmonic |
| Repetition | Reiteration of a pattern, either immediately after its first statement or throughout the piece of music, as a unifying feature |
| Syncopation | An emphasis on the weak or off beats. Composers use syncopation in three ways: accents, rests and ties |
| Rhythmic Motif | A rhythmic fragment that is repeated in a piece of music either immediately or throughout the piece as a unifying feature |
| Imitation | A pattern that is restated by the same or a different instrument as a unifying feature |
| Riff | A repeated pattern, either melodic or chordal, that is usually a few bars in length and usually associated with jazz or rock music |
| Accents | Stresses placed on particular notes for expression |
| Anticipation | Refers to a note that is played or sung before a strong beat — for example, a quaver before the first beat of a bar — anticipating the phrase |
| Hemiola | A pattern of syncopated beats with two beats played in the time of three, or three in the time of two |
| Polyrhythm | Two or more independent rhythms played simultaneously in different parts |
| Cross Rhythms | Conflicting rhythmic patterns played simultaneously (e.g. three against four) or conflicting metres (e.g. 3/4 against 4/4) |
| Diminution | A pattern that is repeated with the notes half their previous duration |
| Augmentation | A pattern that is repeated with the notes double their previous duration |
| A feel or ‘groove’ heard in jazz, especially in ‘swing’ music, based on two emphasised subdivisions of the beat | Swing Rhythm |
| Heard in rock and popular music in which the pop/rock drum pattern is usually stressed | Rock Beat |
| What are the FOUR main rhythmic features of Baroque Music? | hemiola, repetition, imitation, accents |
| Which styles of music feature: ostinato, riff, repetition, syncopation, accents, swing rhythm, rock beat? | Jazz, Pop and Rock music |
| Name some simple rhythm note values. | Crotchet, pairs of quavers, minims, semibreves |
| Which time signatures are in quadruple metre? | 4/4 and 12/8 |
| Which time signatures are in triple metre? | 3/4 and 9/8 |
| Which time signatures are in duple metre? | 2/4 and 6/8 |
| Define compound time. | When the beats of a piece of music can be divided into three |
| Define simple time | When the beats of a piece of music can be divided into two |
| What is the term used for constantly changing time signatures? | Multimeric or mixed metre. E.g. swapping between 6/8 and 4/4 |
| What does accelerando mean? | Gradually getting faster |
| What does ritenuto mean? | Gradually getting slower |
| What is the mnemonic for duration? | MR BeaT (Metre, Rhythm, Beat, Tempo) |
| What is tempo? | The speed of the music |
| How can we define the beat? | strong/weak, definite/indefinite |
| How can you describe the tempo? | slow-->steady-->moderate-->fast-->very fast A sudden change |
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