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N+ 3.Operations

3 > Network Operations

QuestionAnswer
Bandwidth Monitors - amount of network used over time - SNMP, Netflow, protocol analysis etc
Latency - delay b/n request and response
Jitter - time between frames - excessive jitter can cause you to miss info, choppy voice calls
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol - 161, 162 - database of data (MIB) - Management Information Base - remote monitoring of all devices - V3 new standard
Interface Monitoring - link status - error rate - utilization - discards, packet drops - interface resets - speed and duplex
SNMP OIDs Object Identifier - referenced by name or number - .iso(1).org(3) etc - .1.3. etc - every variable in the MIB has a corresponding OID SNMP manager requests info based on OID
SNMP Traps - most SNMP operations expect a poll -- devices then respond to the SNMP request - udp/162 - e.g. if number of CRC errors increase by 5, send a trap
Traffic Log - view traffic info from routers, switches, firewalls etc
Audit Log - what did they do and when did they do it
Syslog UDP 514/6514 - standard for message logging - usually a central logging receiver - integrated into a SIEM
Interface Errors Runts - frames that are less than 64 bytes Giants - frames that are more than 1518 bytes CRC error- failed the Frame Check Sequence, may indicate a bad cable or interface Encapsulation error - inconsistent configurations between switches
Netflow Probe and Collector - probe watches network communication - summary records are sent to collector
Change Management Have clear policies - frequency, duration, installation process, fallback procedures
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
Incident Response Lifecycle PDCP - Preparation - Detection and Analysis - Containment, Eradication, and Recovery - Post-incident Activity
Disaster Recovery Plan - recovery location - data recovery method - application restoration - IT team and employee availability
COOP Continuity of Operations Planning
System Life Cycle Managing asset disposal
SLA Service Level Agreement
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
NDA Non-disclosure Agreement
AUP Acceptable Use Policies
DLP Data Loss Prevention - Detailed policies needed to define what is allowed -- how is sensitive data transferred? - DLP solutions can watch and alert on policy violations
Distribution Frame - passive cable termination - usually mounted on the wall or flat surface - all transport media - often used as a room or location name
MDF Main Distribution Frame - central point of the network - termination point for WAN links
IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame - extension of the MDF - connects users to the network
Port Labelling E.g. -CB01-01A-DO88 -- CB01 - main facility -- 01A - floor 1, space A -- DO88 - Data port 88
Fault Tolerance - maintain uptime in case of failure - single device fault tolerance -- RAID, redundant power supplies, redundant NICs
Redundancy and Fault Tolerance - redundant hardware components
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supplies
RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Clustering Logical collective of servers
Load Balancing Shared service load across components
LBFO Load Balancing / Fail Over - aggregate bandwidth, redundant paths
PDUs Power Distribution Units - provide multiple power outlets - often include monitoring and control
Active-passive - two devices are installed and configured -- only one operates at a time - configuration and real-time session info is constantly synchronized
Active-active - use both at the same time
Diverse Paths - create multiple paths -- more than one ISP
FHRP First Hop Redundancy Protocol - your computer is configured with a single default gateway - we need a way to provide availability if the dg fails
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - default router isn't real - devices use a virtual IP for the default gateway - if a router disappears, another one takes its place
RTO Recovery Time Objective - get up and running quickly back to a particular service level
RPO Recovery Point Objective - how much data loss is acceptable? - how far back does the data go?
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures - predict the time b/n failures
Created by: jwjwj
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