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AP GOV
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Government | an institution in which leaders use power to make and enforce laws |
| basic functions of gov | set priorities, make decisions, maintain order(enforce laws) provide public services, promote public health and safety, provide national security, protect (economic security) |
| nation | large group of people united by common bonds of race, language, custom, religion |
| state | has sovereignty (gov makes and enforces laws) and are both political communities that occupy definite territory and have organized government |
| country | political communities that occupy definite territory and have organized government |
| 4 essential features of a state | population, territory, sovereignty, government |
| evolutionary theory | suggests idea of state evolved from the structure of ancient family groups |
| force theory | states emerged when people needed to cooperate to survive and 1 person/group took control |
| divine right theory | european rulers who proclaimed their right to rule came from God alone |
| social contract theory | Thomas Hobbes; people gave up freedom to the state in return for order and security "state of nature" |
| unitary system | gives all key powers to central government, gives some powers to state and local gov |
| confederacy system | loose union of independent and fairly sovereign states |
| federal system | divides powers of gov between national, state, or provincial gov (each level has sovereignty in some areas) |
| constitution | sets out shared ideals, establishes the basic structure, powers, and duties of government, and provides supreme law for the country |
| limits of constitution | limits powers of gov officials, can't spell out all customs, ideas, laws that evolve around it, govs don't always follow laws of constitutions |
| authoritarian (totalitarian) | control all aspects of people's economic, political, and social lives |
| monarchy | 1 person has great power, usually through inheritance |
| democracy | gov derives its power form the consent and trust of the people, who rule either directly or through elected representatives |
| democracy depends on _______________ | citizen participation in elections |
| in a democracy, no one is above the law and the rights of the _______ are protected even though majority rules | minority |
| oligarchy | usually an authoritarian gov and gives power to a few people or political party |
| principles of democracy | citizen participation, regular free/fair elections, rule of law, accountability, transparency, limited gov w/list of rights/freedoms, control abuse of pwr, economic freedom, equality, respect, independent judiciary, political parties |
| 6 factors in every economy | producers, distributors, consumers, labor, resources,capital, entrepreneurs |
| 3 key questions answered by all economic systems | what and how much should be produced, how should goods and services be produced, and who gets the goods and services that are produced |
| 3 economic systems by how they work | traditional, market, and command |
| Laissez-faire | the philosophy that the government should keep its hands off the economy |
| 5 characteristics of pure capitalism | private ownership and control of property and economic resources, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, and possibility of profits |
| mixed economy | combines elements of capitalism and socialism; gov regulates private enterprise (U.S. is mixed economy) |
| socialism goal | equal distribution of wealth |
| democratic socialism | committed to democracy but wants government involvement in the distribution of wealth |
| command economy | the government controls the factors of production |
| Karl Marx' basic theory about communism | thought that workers would revolt against capitalists and capitalism would collapse entirely the communism would take over |
Created by:
auweb921
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