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702 - Nat Selection

TermDefinition
Artificial selection - Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits Example: dog breeds
Natural selection - when individuals that have advantageous traits survive and reproduce at higher rates than individuals without those traits this causes the species to evolve
Causes of natural selection - overproduction, genetic variation, and competition more offspring are produced than can survive; some have genetic traits that help them survive; these advantageous traits cause them to outcompete those without those traits
genetic variation - genetic differences
Competition - the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
Adaptation - A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
Galapagos finches - Studied by Darwin they live on different islands but they all evolved from the same ancestor
Allele frequencies - how common an allele is in a population
Mutations - a change in DNA they happen randomly Sometimes they cause a new, beneficial trait
Sexual reproduction - when offspring are produced by two parents instead of one This creates more genetic diversity within a species This genetic diversity can help a species adapt to environmental changes
Speciation - Formation of new species
species - a group of organisms that can mate and produce viable, fertile offspring
viable - can survive
fertile - can have offspring
geographic isolation - when populations of the same species are physically separated from each other this prevents them from mating as mutations build up in each population, they can become so different that they become different species
Adaptive radiation - when populations of a single species spread out and become many different species The Galapagos finches are an example
types of natural selection - directional, stabilizing, disruptive
Directional selection - occurs when natural selection favors an extreme version of a trait example: favoring long tails over short tails
Stabilizing selection - when both extreme versions of a trait are selected against example: favoring medium-length tails over short or long tails
Disruptive selection - when both extremes of a trait are selected for example: favoring short and long tails but not medium tails
Created by: Mr. Ford
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