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data types

1.4 - data types

TermDefinition
data types how data is stored in memory
primitive data types (almost universal) data types that can work as fundamental building blocks for that language
integer any whole positive or negative number
real/float any number
character a single character from its character set
string a collection of characters
Boolean (normally true or false), on/off statements normally used for logic statements
casting converting one data type to another
composite data types "complex" data types which may be made from a sum of primitive data types
the real world is analogues and continuous
the digital world uses binary states
binary representation arbitrary, yet "1" normally means the equivalent to "on" and "0" is normally equivalent to "off"
binary as a base base 2, a base who's digits represent increasing powers of 2
denary base 10 (decimal), uses powers of 10 as digits
hexidecimal base 16 (uses A-F for the "extra numbers" for 10-15 decimal), uses powers of 16 as digits
the digital world represented by binary states
binary states representation arbitrary, but generally “1” means the equivalent to “on” and “0” means the equivalent to “off”
binary as a base base-2
how to read base-2 each digit represents an increasing power of 2, starting from 0
binary to hexadecimal convert each nibble into hexadecimal individually, then combine them in order
denary to hexadecimal often easier to convert denary to binary, then into hexadecimal
conversions into denary multiply each digit by the base to the power of the position (starting from 0), then sum everything together
representing negative numbers sign/magnitude, 2's compliment
sign/magnitude using the last bit as a +/- system (1 for negative) and having the positive part of the number be the same without the system
sign/magnitude downside addition of binary digits becomes more complicated as the use of numbers to mean a state as well as well as a number makes them hard to use computationally (and it has a fewer range then two’s compliment)
two's compliment Using the last bit as the negative version of itself and adding up terms to get a negative number can be done by writing the positive version of the number, copying it until the set bit and then inverting the number
two's compliment range [-2^(n-1)] to [2^(n-1)-1] for n bits
sign/magnitude range [-2^(n-1)-1] to [2^(n-1)-1] for n bits
binary addition rules 1+1 = 0 carry 1 and 1+1+1 = 1 carry 1, 1+0 = 1 and 0+0 = 0
binary subtraction uses the same system as addition, but the negative number is written using two’s compliment
Created by: That cool NAMe
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