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Chapter 5
Medical Term: Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Nervous System ? | the nervous system plays a role in maintaining homeostasis in the internal environment of the human body |
| What is a Neuron? | A neuron contains a cell body, axon, and dendrites. |
| What is the Cell Body? | The cell body houses all the microscopic organisms to keep the cell energized and functioning, Gathers information |
| What is the Axon? | The axon sends electrical impulses and transmit signals to other cells |
| What are the dendrites? | They resemble branches of a tree, which receive information from the internal and external environment bringing information down to the cell body |
| What is the Myelin Shealth? | insulates and protects nerve, allows impulses to travel |
| What is the Central Nervous Systems? | Consist of the brain and spinal cord |
| What main three divisions is the brain made up of? | Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem |
| What is the Brain? | data storage and information processing |
| Cerebr/o Encephal/o | Brain |
| Cephal/o | Head |
| Cerebell/o | Cerebellum |
| Gangli/o | Ganglion |
| Gli/o | Glue, gluelike |
| Lex/o | word or phrase |
| Mening/o Meningi/o | Meninges |
| Myel/o | Spinal cord, bone marrow |
| radicul/o | nerve root |
| neur/o | nerve |
| phas/o | speech |
| spin/o | spine |
| sthen/o | strength |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: | Analysis of CSF for blood, bacteria, and other abnormalities |
| Computed tomography | Study of the brain and spinal cord using radiology and computer analysis |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| Electroencephalography | Study of electrical activity of the brain |
| Electromyogram | Record of muscle activity from electrical stimulation |
| Lumbar Puncture | Puncture of subarachnoid layer at the fourth intervertebral space to obtain CSF for analysis |
| EEG | Electroencephalography |
| EMG | Electromyogram |
| LP | Lumbar Puncture |
| Magnetic resonance imaging | Use of an electromagnetic field and radio waves to create visual images on a computer screen |
| Myelography | Radiology of the spinal cord and associated nerves |
| Alzheimer Disease | From of chronic, progressive dementia caused by the atrophy of brain tissue |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Chronic progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disorder that destroys motor neurons of the body |
| ALS | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| Bell Palsy | form of facial paralysis, usually unilateral and temporary |
| Brain Abcess | collection of pus anywhere within the brain |
| Brain Tumor | any type of abnormal mass growing within the cranium |
| Cerebral contussion | bruising of the brain tissue |
| Cerebral Palsy | group of motor-impairment syndromes caused by lesions or abnormalities of the brain |
| Cerebrovascular accident | damage or death of brain tissue caused by interruption of blood supply due to clot or vessel rupture |
| CVA | Cardiovascular Accident |
| Delirium | acute, reversible state of agitated confusion, marked by disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions |
| Dementia | progressive neurological disorder, with numerous causes, in which an individual suffers an irreversible decline in cognition due to disease or brain damage |
| Depression | mood disorder marked by loss of interest or pleasure in living |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain; often combined with meningitis |
| epidural hematoma | collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull |
| epilepsy | chronic disorder of the brain marked by recurrent seizures |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | acute inflammatory disorder that causes rapidly progressing paralysis (which is usually temporary) and sometimes also sensory symptoms |
| GBS | Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
| Huntington Disease | hereditary, progressive, degenerative nervous disorder that leads to bizarre, involuntary movements and dementia |
| Meningitis | inflammation of the meninges, the spinal cord, and CSF. Usually cause by an illness |
| Multiple Sclerosis | disease involving progressive myelin degeneration, which result in loss of muscle strength and coordination |
| MS | Multiple Sclerosis |
| Neural Tube Defect/ Spina Bifida | incomplete closure of the the spinal cord which may allow protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges at birth, leading to paralysis |
| Parkinson Disease | progressive, degenerative disorder that results in tremors, gait changes, and occasionally dementia. |
| Peripheral Neuropathy | dysfunction of nerves that transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord, characterized by pain, altered sensation and muscle weakness |
| Poliomyelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord due to virus which may result in spinal cord and muscular deformity and paralysis |
| Reye's Syndrome | serious disease associated with aspirin use by children with viral illness which may result in permanent brain damage or even death |
| Sciatica | pain, numbness, weakness, or tingling that is felt from the lower back along the pathway of the sciatic nerve into legs |
| Spinal Cord Injury | traumatic bruising, crushing, or tearing of the spinal cord |
| SCI | Spinal Cord Injury |
| Spinal Stenosis | narrowing of an area of the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots |
| Subdural Hematoma | collection of blood between the dura and the arachnoid layer |
| Transient Ischemic Attack | temporary stroke like symptoms caused by a brief interruption of blood supply to part of the brain |
| TIA | Transient Ischemic Attack |
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