Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
American Government
Chap. 3,4,5, and 6 of American Government 3e
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Civil Liberties | limitations of government power that are designed to protect freedoms. |
| Civil Rights | constitutional guarantees that the government will treat people equally, regardless of race, gender class, ethnic origin, or religion |
| Passage of Bill of attainder | a law that punishes a convict or punishes a person of a crime without a trial |
| Ex post facto laws | a law that take effect retroactively |
| No suspension of the writ of habeas corpus | require an ex parte hearing by a neutral judge to determine whether a person is unlawfully detained |
| Land Grants | the federal government often used this to promote state action i certain areas |
| Cash Grants | prompt state and local government to undertake certain actions |
| Categorical Grants | include community development, health, education, training, employment, social services, transportation, and income security |
| Incorporation | expansion of the protections of the Bill of Rights to cover state government actions |
| Discriminatory Effect | results in different treatment for similar individuals |
| Affirmative Action | government programs and policies to benefit members of groups historically subject to discrimination |
| Reconstruction Amendments | intended to prevent states from enacting black code laws that deprived former slaves their rights and liberties |
| Rational Basis Test | standard used by the courts to decide most forms of discrimination |
| Intermediate Scrutiny | standard used by courts with gender and sex discrimination cases |
| Strict Scrutiny | used by court to decide cases of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion |
| Thirteenth Amendment | prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude |
| Fourteenth Amendment | prevented states from discriminating against citizens of other states, implied right to travel, extended due process requirements to states, and promised equal protection under the law. |
| Disenfranchisement | the revocation of impediment of an individuals right to vote -Includes literacy lest, understanding test, poll taxes, white-only primaries |
| De Facto Segregation | chosen segregation, opinions by people |
| De Jure Segregation | results from government discrimination or laws |
| Political Opinions | opinions about political difference |
| Public Opinions | a collections of popular views about something, perhaps a person, a local or national event, or new idea |
| Political Socialization | the process of learning the norms and practices of a political system through other and societal institutions. This process begins at a young age |
| Agents of Political Socialization | persons or entitles who teach and influence other about politics through use of information |
| Political Ideology | the attitudes and beliefs that help shape our opinions on political theory and policy form |
| Political Polarization | when individual political ideology and opinions are more likely to be strictly defined by political part with which they align |
| Overt Content | when information makes it clear they are on one side |
| Convert Content | ideologically slanted information presented as unbiased information in oder to influence public opinion |
| Scientific Polling | applies a methodology |
| Straw Polls | informal polls that do not apply rigorous methodology |
| Random Sample | a limited number of people selected in such a way that each has an equal chance of being chosen |
| Representative Sample | a group whose similar demographic distribution is. similar to that of the overall population |
| Push Polls | polls that intentionally ask leading questions in order to convey politically biased campaign information intended to change minds |
| Margin of Error | a number that states how far the poll results may from the actual opinion of the total population |
| Favorability Polls | measure the publics positive feeling about a politician can affect voter turnout |
| Horse-race Coverage | constant media coverage of candidate performance |
| Bandwagon Effect | increased media coverage of candidates with strong poll numbers |
| Block Grants | less stringent federal administrative conditions and provide recipients more flexibility order how to spend grant funds |
| Creeping Categorization | a process which the national government places new administrative requirement on state and local governments or supplants block grants with new categorial grants |
| Nullification | states had the right to reject national laws hey deemed unconstitutional |
| Unfunded Mandates | federal laws and regulations that impose obligations on state and local governments without full compensating them for the administrative cost they incur |
| Crosscutting Mandates | mandates that threaten civil and criminal penalties for state and local authorities that fail to comply with them across the board in all programs |
| Immigration Federalism | the gradual movement of states into the immigration policy domain |
| Venue Shipping | a strategy in which interest groups select a level and branch and they calculate which will be most advantageous for them |
| Race-to-Bottom Dynamics | states complete to attract businesses by lowering taxes and regulations |
| Elastic Clause | enables the government "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carry" out all its constitutional responsibilities |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | requires states to accept court decision, public acts, and contracts of other states; also referred to as the commits provision |
| Privileges and Immunities Clause | prohibits states from discriminating against out-of-staters by denying such guarantees as access to courts, legal protection, and property and ravel rights |
| Unitary System | a centralized system of government in which the subnational government is dependent on the central government, when substantial authority is concentrated |
| Blue Law | a law originally created to uphold a religious or moral standard, such as a prohibitions against selling alcohol on Sundays |
| Conscientious Objector | a person who claims the right to refuse to perform military service |
| Eminent Domain | the power of the government to take or use property for public purpose after compensating its owner, takes clause of the fifth Amendment |
| Selective Incorporation | the gradual process of making some guarantees of the Bill of Rights apply to state governments and national governments |
| Undue Burden Test | a means of deciding whether a law that makes it harder for women to seek abortions is constitutional |
| Glass Ceiling | an invisible barrier caused by discrimination that prevents women from rising to the highest levels of an organization |
| Grand Father Clause | Provision in some of the South that allowed illiterate whites to vote because their ancestors where allowed to vote |
| Trail of Tears | the name given to the forced migration of the Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma in 1838-1839 |
| Classical Liberalism | a political ideology based on belief in individual liberties and right and the idea of free will, with little role for government |
| Diffuse Support | the widespread belief that a country and its legal system are legitimate |
| Heuristics | shortcuts or rules of thumb for decision making |
| Theory of Delegate Representation | a theory that assumes the politician is in office to be the voice of the people and to vote only as the people want |
| Traditional Conservatism | a political ideology supporting the authority of the monarchy and the church in the belief that government provides the rule of law |
| Socialism | a political and economic system in which government uses its authority to promote social and economic equality, providing everyone with basic services and equal opportunities and requiring citizens with more wealth to contribute more |
Created by:
ejonhson
Popular American Government sets