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AH - Unit 3
Vocabulary Flashcards
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Fertile Crescent | an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began |
Silt | a mixture of fertile soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming |
Civilization | an organized society that functions within established geographic boundaries |
Irrigation | a way of supplying water to an area of land |
Canals | a human-made waterway |
City-State | a political unit consisting of a city and its surrounding countryside |
Gilgamesh | King of Uruk, a city-state in Sumer; he became a legendary figure in Sumerian literature. |
Sargon | King of Akkad, a land north of Sumer; he built the world’s first empire after defeating Sumer and northern Mesopotamia. |
Empire | land with different territories and peoples under a single rule |
Polytheism | the worship of many gods |
Social Hierarchy | the division of society by rank or class |
Cuneiform | the world’s first system of writing; developed in Sumer |
Scribe | a writer |
Architecture | the science of building |
Ziggurat | a pyramid-shaped temple in Sumer |
Monarch | a ruler of a kingdom or empire |
Hammurabi | Babylonian ruler, he was a brilliant military leader who brought all of Mesopotamia into the Babylonian Empire. Hammurabi is known for a unified code of 282 laws, the earliest known set of written laws, that was produced during his reign. |
Hammurabis' Code | a set of 282 laws governing daily life in Babylon; the earliest known collection of written laws |
Chariot | a wheeled, horse-drawn cart used in battle |
Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldean king; he rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful city, which featured the famed Hanging Gardens. |
Cyrus the Great | Persian emperor; he created the Persian Empire by conquering most of Southwest Asia. |
Cavalry | a unit of soldiers who ride horses |
Darius I | Persian emperor; he restored order to the Persian Empire after a period of rebellion. He built roads and made other improvements to Persian society. |
Persian Wars | a series of wars between Persia and Greece in the 400s BC |
Xerxes I | Son of Darius; He led the Persians against the Greeks in the Battle of Salamis, the battle that ended the Persian Wars. |