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What are sensations and perceptions?
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What are sensory receptors and what role do they play in sensation?
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are sensations and perceptions? | Sensation- senses organs detection of physical stimuli from the world around you and send it to the brain Perception- ordering process-gives meaning and coherence to the interpretation of sensory info in to the brain |
| What are sensory receptors and what role do they play in sensation? | Specialized cells in the sense organs that detect physical stimulation from the external world and change stimulation into information that the brain can process |
| Describe the process of transduction | Sensory receptors change the stimulus input into neural signals that the brain can understand (directly results in neurons firing action potentials the brain interprets that action potentials and the thalamus processing the information follows) |
| Briefly describe how it environmental stimulus becomes a perception | Physical stimulus -> sensation-> transduction -> perception |
| What are sensory and absolute thresholds? | Absolute Threshold is the minimum amount of physical stimuli required before you detect sensory input 50% of the time detected Sensory threshold is the weakest energy output required for us to detect it |
| What is the difference threshold? | The smallest difference that you can notice between two pieces of sensory input |
| Explain how webers law describes your ability to notice changes in a stimulus? | The just-noticeable difference between two sensory inputs is based on proportion to the original sensory input rather than on a fixed amount of difference |
| Does sensory adaptation make it more or less sensitive to a stimulus? | Less sensitive |
| What do the principles of Gestalt psychology tell us about perceptual content? | Explain that our brains use a number of Built in principles to organize sensory information ; perception is more than simply gathering and summoning sensory input |
| Explain the perceptual principle of figure and ground | And identifying any figure of the brain assigns the rest of the scene to the ground Distinct figure from background |
| What is the basic gestalt concept of grouping? | Visual systems organization of features in regions to create a perception of a whole unified object laws of simplicity a– Proximity B – similarity C – continuity D – closure E – illusory contours |
| What is the sequence of bottoms up processing? | Info about basic stimulus properties processing begins with an external world and sensory input which is identified by sensory receptors then the information is processed from these basic lower levels to higher more conceptual levels within the brain |
| What is top down processing ? | Perception based on knowledge expectations or past experiences based on information from the top of the brain to down to rest of body |
| What is depth perception and how does binocular disparity work to create a sense of depth? | Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects in 3-D Binocular disparity is based on input from both eyes together |
| How do you monocular depth cue differs from binocular cues? | One eye alone’s input |
| What are the six pictorial cues that create a sense of depth | Linear perspective, texture gradient, occlusion/interposition, relative size, height in plain, light and shadow |
| Why do you usually perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in their sensory input? | Object constancy-tendencies to perceive aspects of the world as unchanging even though there are sensory changes |
| What are the four types of object constancy described in the textbook? | Size, shape, color, brightness |
| What does object constancy say about the objectivity of your perceptions? | Despite sensory input that could mislead perception object constancy lets you correctly perceive objects across viewing conditions that yield different physical input to the eyes |
| How do psychologist define learning? | Changes in behavior/potential brought about by experience |
| How did John Locke’s tabula rasa influence John Watson’s ideas of behaviorism? | John Locke believed children are born a blank slate “tabula rasa” Watson thought learning depends on environment and it’s effects on humans and animals argued by understanding environmental stimuli animals behavioral responses could be predicted |
| What is the difference between associative learning and nonassociative learning? | Associative learning is the relationship between two pieces of information Nonassociative learning is about a stimulus such as a site or a sound in the external world |
| Compare the two forms of nonassociative learning what circumstances does each apply to? | Habituation he’s getting used to it versus sensitization is the behavioral response to stimulus increases |
| What are the two forms of associative learning? | Classical conditioning is the stimulus predicting another stimulus Operant conditioning is to behavior leads to certain outcome |
| What are the ways we might learn new behaviors simply by watching others? | 1- observational learning 2- modeling 3- vicarious conditioning |
| Who was Ivan Pavlov? | Russian psychologist who won the noble peace prize for research on digestive system ie: salivary reflex the dog and the bell |
| What becomes associated in classical conditioning? | Two stimuli with each other |
| What is an unconditioned stimulus why is a US necessary for classical conditioning? | Stimulus that elicits an innate response and does not require any prior learning - neutral |
Created by:
loraineuribe