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QB SCI:Organelles
Quiz bowl questions about organelles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acyl [“ASS-ill”] groups in this organelle can be transformed into triglycerides | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The lumen of this organelle is capable of transmitting an unfolded protein response that can lead to apoptosis | endoplasmic reticulum |
| In animal cells, this organelle takes up more space than other organelles and is attached to the outer nuclear membrane. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Like the Golgi [GOHL-jee] apparatus, this organelle has several flattened sacs called cisternae [siss-TER-nee]. This organelle is next to the Golgi apparatus, which receives proteins from it. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle is classified based on whether it is covered with ribosomes | endoplasmic reticulum |
| name this organelle that is classified as smooth or rough. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| One recurring structure in this organelle resembles parking garage ramps and is named for Mark Terasaki | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The SERCA pump regulates calcium ion concentration in this organelle, as does calsequestrin | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The signal recognition particle targets proteins to this organelle’s translocon | endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle is the site of N-linked glycosylation. Vesicles leaving this organelle are tagged with (*) COPII | endoplasmic reticulum |
| One type of this organelle is found wrapped around myofibrils in muscle cells | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Like the Golgi apparatus, this organelle is composed of a network of flattened discs called cisternae | endoplasmic reticulum |
| This membranous organelle is continuous with the nuclear envelope | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The overexpression of XBP1 can lead to this organelle’s namesake stress response. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle contains disulfide isomerase, an enzyme that aids in protein folding. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The oligosaccharide synthesis phase of N-linked glycosylation occurs in this organelle. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Vesicles that move out of this organelle are coated with COPII | endoplasmic reticulum |
| In muscle cells, the (*) sarcoplasmic variety of this organelle is responsible for the storage of calcium ions. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| It’s not the Golgi body, but this organelle contains a series membrane vesicles called cisternae. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The Sec61 (“sek sixty-one”) complex comprises the pores of this structure’s translocons. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| This structure contains protein disulfide isomerase, which oxidizes cysteine residues to form disulfide bonds | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Signal recognition particles guide newly-synthesized polypeptide chains to this structure | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Phospholipid and steroid synthesis occurs inside a type of this structure that also (*) detoxifies drugs such as ethanol. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The chaperone protein BiP is located in this organelle, where it participates in translocation along with the heterotrimeric Sec61 complex | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Vesicles bound for this organelle are tagged with COP1 | endoplasmic reticulum |
| A form of this organelle stores calcium and surrounds sarcomeres in muscle cells | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Synthesis of the foldase BiP is upregulated during this organelle’s stress response. SRP recognition leads to elongation arrest and translocation of complexes containing nascent polypeptides into this organelle’s membrane | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The KDEL retention sequence prevents proteins from leaving this structure, which also contains binding immunoglobulin protein | endoplasmic reticulum |
| In this organelle, calnexin and calreticulin [“cal-re-tic-u-lin”] help with the process of N-linked glycosylation | endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle is the site of enzymes such as protein disulfide isomerase, which help proteins fold properly | endoplasmic reticulum |
| These structures are stacked and connected through helical ramps called Terasaki ramps | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Polypeptides which are tagged for retention in this structure contain a four amino acid sequence known as KDEL | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The compound Brefeldin A can be used to test the function of this structure since it inhibits the transport of other molecules to it, and COPII coats vesicles that are delivered from the (*) endoplasmic reticulum to this organelle’s cis face | Golgi apparatus |
| Dermatan sulfate is among the GAGs that can be synthesized by this structure, but hyaluronic acid is not | Golgi apparatus |
| It is composed of many flattened disks called cisternae and is named for the Italian scientist who discovered it | Golgi apparatus |
| It is composed of many flattened disks called cisternae and is named for the Italian scientist who discovered it | Golgi apparatus |
| name this organelle, which modifies and packages lipids and proteins. | Golgi apparatus |
| I-cell disease occurs due to a defective phosphotransferase enzyme in this structure. | Golgi apparatus |
| Brefeldin A blocks the activation of ADP-ribosylation factors within this structure. | Golgi apparatus |
| This organelle is the destination of vesicles coated with COPII (cop two). Molecules are tagged with (*) mannose 6-phosphate in this organelle to be sent to the lysosome | Golgi apparatus |
| The rough endoplasmic reticulum transports molecules to this organelle for post-translational modification | Golgi apparatus |
| This organelle's cis face receives vesicles while its trans face secretes them, and it is composed of cisternae | Golgi apparatus |
| name this organelle that packages and modifies proteins, named for an Italian scientist. | Golgi apparatus |
| One substance synthesised in this organelle through the action of glycosyltransferases prevents cross-species fertilisation | Golgi apparatus |
| Transport from this organelle is inhibited by brefeldin A, which prevents the association of COP1 | Golgi apparatus |
| A membrane-bound structure that "matures" in this organelle, the (*) cisternae, is used to receive vesicles and package polysaccharides. | Golgi apparatus |
| name this organelle with cis and trans faces which was discovered using the black reaction by a namesake Italian scientist. | Golgi apparatus |
| A mutation in a gene which codes for proteins that help this structure maintain its integrity causes achondrogenesis type IA | Golgi apparatus |
| The protein GGA1 regulates the movement of proteins from this structure, and acid hydrolases are marked with mannose 6-phosphate receptors in this structure. | Golgi apparatus |
| COPII (“cop two”) vesicles transport proteins to this body, while COPI (“cop one”) vesicles transport proteins from this body | Golgi apparatus |
| Like the ER, this organelle is made up of flattened disks called cisternae and this organelle has a cis and trans face | Golgi apparatus |
| name this organelle that packages and modifies proteins before secretion, named after an Italian scientist. | Golgi apparatus |
| Brefeldin A disrupts the function of this organelle, and Rab G-Protein GTPases may define its stable compartments | Golgi apparatus |
| Mannose-6 phosphate is added by this organelle, and it is commonly found in plasma B cells | Golgi apparatus |
| If the microtubular structure of the cell is destabilized, the components of this organelle will be scattered throughout the cytoplasm. | Golgi apparatus |
| Those components are (*) flattened membrane stacks called cisternae, and they make up the cis network, while the trans network of this organelle is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles | Golgi apparatus |
| identify this organelle that receives and modifies proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, named after the Italian scientist who discovered it. | Golgi apparatus |
| CDGs are disorders of this organelle, and a defective enzyme in this organelle causes I-cell disease | Golgi apparatus |
| Brefeldin A blocks ADP-ribosylation factors in this organelle, and this organelle is the site of O-linked glycosylation | Golgi apparatus |
| Vesicles coated by the COPII protein head to this organelle, and (*) mannose-6-phosphate directs molecules to the lysosome from this organelle | Golgi apparatus |
| It has a cis face and a trans face and consists of cisternae, which receive products from the endoplasmic reticulum. | Golgi apparatus |
| name this organelle that packages and distributes proteins, named for its Italian discoverer. | Golgi apparatus |
| In this location, compounds like O-N-acetylglucosamine are attached to sequences like asparagine-anything-serine as part of glycosylation | Golgi apparatus |
| One process that takes place in these structures can be initiated by an IRES via a “cap-independent” mechanism | Ribosome |
| Tetracyclines inhibit the binding of “loaded” substrates to these structures | Ribosome |
| These organelles perform a process that is partially facilitated by Ef-G and is ended following the incorporation of a release factor; that process is sustained via translocation between it’s (*) A- and P-sites | Ribosome |
| These organelles are measured in units of Svedbergs, and eukaryotic examples of them contain 40S and 60S subunits | Ribosome |
| These organelles form around mRNA strands in a process that is initiated by a tRNA and terminated by a stop codon | Ribosome |
| The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded by – for 10 points – what tiny organelles which perform translation? | Ribosome |
| These organelles are “frozen” using cycloheximide in their namesake profiling technique | Ribosome |
| The function of this organelle partly relies on GTP hydrolysis (“high-DRAW-lih-sis”) by EF-Tu | Ribosome |
| Chloramphenicol (“CLOR-am-FEN-ih-col”) and tetracyclines (“tetra-SY-kleenz”) inhibit the function of this organelle in bacteria. | Ribosome |
| This organelle usually binds to a Kozak or Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of a sequence which codes for (*) methionine (“muh-THIGH-oh-neen”). A, P, and E sites transport tRNA molecules through these organelles | Ribosome |
| name these organelles which synthesize proteins. | Ribosome |
| The antibiotic tetracycline inhibits the function of this structure in bacteria | Ribosome |
| The nucleolus houses a type of RNA named for this organelle, which makes use of E, P, and A sites during its role in translation of mRNA | Ribosome |
| Two (*) subunits form these organelles, which can float in the cytoplasm or be found studded on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. | Ribosome |
| name these tiny cell organelles that synthesize proteins. | Ribosome |
| Diamond-Blackfan anemia may be caused by a deficiency in a product produced by this organelle | Ribosome |
| One protein related to this organelle may be targeted in the future by antibacterial drugs because it helps recycle material for this organelle. | Ribosome |
| One process that occurs at this organelle is sped up by GTP (*) hydrolysis | Ribosome |
| When reading a specific chemical, this two-unit organelle starts at methionine and ends at a stop codon | Ribosome |
| These organelles have A, E, and P sites and stud the rough endoplasmic reticulum. | Ribosome |
| tRNA is brought to what organelle where Translation occurs that is made up of rRNA? | Ribosome |
| Diamond–Blackfan anemia is caused by a mutation in one of this structure’s proteins | Ribosome |
| Chloramphenicol targets these structures by binding to an A2451 residue in one part of them. | Ribosome |
| These structures may be analyzed by determining their sedimentation rate in units of svedbergs. | Ribosome |
| A process that takes place in these structures is initiated at the Kozak box or the Shine–Dalgarno sequence in (*) prokaryotes. | Ribosome |
| Peptidyl transferase resides in this structure’s large subunit. | Ribosome |
| This structure, which can be either free or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, contains A, P, and E sites | Ribosome |
| name this organelle, the site of translation. | Ribosome |
| Chloramphenicol and erythromycin inhibit this organelle’s activity in bacteria and mitochondria. | Ribosome |
| This organelle’s peptidyl [“pep-tid-uhl”] transferase is a (*) RNA catalyst, and is found on the 50S subunit in prokaryotes and the 60S subunit in eukaryotes | Ribosome |
| The A, P, and E sites are found in this organelle that is manufactured in the nucleolus. | Ribosome |
| In eukaryotes, these structures contain a 40S and a 60S subunit. | Ribosome |
| This organelle reads codons on mRNA during translation | Ribosome |
| These organelles are found free floating in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes, while they are often bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes | Ribosome |
| Name this organelle, which consists of two subunits and is the only non-membrane bound organelle | Ribosome |
| One disease associated with this organelle is caused by an accumulation of sphingomyelin. | lysosome |
| The Golgi Body tags all enzymes that are destined to go to this organelle with mannose-6-phosphate. | lysosome |
| Hexosaminidase A or HEXA is a gene in this organelle whose absence results in (*) Tay-Sachs Disease. | lysosome |
| This organelle contains hydrolases and lipases in its acidic interior | lysosome |
| name this organelle that digests waste in plant and animal cells. | lysosome |
| A scarcity of alpha-NAGA within this organelle leads to Schindler’s disease | lysosome |
| The accumulation of gluco·cerebro·side in this organelle leads to the formation of Gaucher cells. | lysosome |
| Two farmers discovered that Jacob sheep could inherit a disease in this organelle caused by a deficiency of hexo·samini·dase-A | lysosome |
| The buildup of (*) GM2 gangliosides in this organelle leads to Tay-Sachs disease | lysosome |
| Mannose-6-phosphate tags proteins that are transported from the Golgi apparatus to this organelle | lysosome |
| This organelle can fuse with vacuoles to act on phagocytosed material | lysosome |
| name these acidic organelles that break down cellular waste. | lysosome |
| A deficiency of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme causes glycogen build-up in these structures | lysosome |
| A disease in these structures causes an accumulation of sphingomyelin, which may result in an enlargement of the liver and spleen. | lysosome |
| Pompe and Niemann-Pick are both diseases of these structures. | lysosome |
| Proteins bound for this structure are tagged with (*) mannose 6-phosphate by the Golgi apparatus | lysosome |
| A mutation on part of the HEXA gene that codes for a subunit of the hexosaminidase enzyme causes Tay-Sachs disease in these organelles | lysosome |
| A low pH environment is required for the hydrolytic enzymes located in these organelles. | lysosome |
| name these organelles which break down cellular waste. | lysosome |
| One condition affecting this organelle occurs due to mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 mobility genes. | lysosome |
| The Type C class of a disorder affecting this organelle is detected by the formation of a fluorescent complex in the “filipin test | lysosome |
| A deficiency of glucocerebrosidase within this organelle leads to Gaucher [“gow-SHAY”] disease, which for affected macrophages creates an appearance similar to “wrinkled tissue paper | lysosome |
| One condition affecting this organelle occurs due to mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 mobility genes. | lysosome |
| A phagosome develops and surrounds this organelle while it performs autophagy | lysosome |
| Hydrolyzing enzymes within this organelle require an acidic pH to function | lysosome |
| name this organelle responsible for digesting molecules. | lysosome |
| Sphingolipidoses [SPHING-oh-lip-uh-DOH-sees] are an inborn error of metabolism that affects these structures. | lysosome |
| Proteins destined for these structures undergo glycosylation [gly-cos-uh-LAY-shun] by mannose-6-phosphate | lysosome |
| A lack of hexosaminidase [HEX-oh-sum-IN-uh-days] in these bodies leads to toxic ganglioside buildup in the nervous system in (*) Tay-Sachs disease, an example of one of these organelles’ “storage disorders | lysosome |
| The neutral pH of the cell prevents the acidic hydrolases in these organelles from destroying the cell when they leak | lysosome |
| identify these specialized vesicles responsible for breaking down biomolecules | lysosome |
| One disease that affects these organelles results from a decreased ability to metabolize lipids, and is called Niemann-Pick disease | lysosome |
| The deficiency of hexosaminidase [HEX-ose-A-mi-NI-dase] A in these organelles causes the buildup of gangliosides, resulting in (*) Tay-Sachs disease. | lysosome |
| In the Golgi body, proteins are tagged with mannose-6-phosphate before being sent to these organelles | lysosome |
| Autophagy is a form of programmed cell death primarily involving these organelles, and in order to function these organelles must maintain a low pH value of 5 in their interior. | lysosome |
| name these organelles that break down cellular waste. | lysosome |
| Deficiency of LAL, an enzyme found in this organelle, causes Wolman disease. | lysosome |
| Another disease of this organelle causes macrophages to have a “tissue paper” appearance. | lysosome |
| This organelle names a class of disorders which include Fabry disease and Gaucher’s [gow-SHAY’s] disease, as well as a (*) storage disorder caused by a defective hexosaminidase enzyme known as Tay–Sachs disease | lysosome |
| name this acid-containing organelle that digests cellular wastes. | lysosome |
| These organelles are formed through the fusion of transport vesicles with late endosomes | lysosome |
| I-cell disease occurs when certain proteins are unable to reach this organelle due to not being tagged properly in the Golgi body | lysosome |
| Proteins tagged with (*) mannose-6-phosphate are destined for these hydrolase-rich organelles, whose pH is around 4.5. For 10 points, name these organelles that degrade and recycle cellular waste. | lysosome |
| The Golgi body adds a mannose-6-phosphate tag to molecules destined for this organelle. This organelle with pH 5 is responsible for digesting macronutrients | lysosome |
| Like proteasomes, these organelles break down proteins, using acid hydrolase enzymes. These organelles can induce autolysis by releasing enzymes into the cytoplasm. | lysosome |
| Name these acidic, hydrolase-rich organelles found in all mammalian cells except red blood cells. They were first discovered by Christian de Duve. | lysosome |
| The Golgi apparatus tags proteins travelling to this organelle with mannose-6-phosphate. This organelle digests macromolecules using hydrolytic enzymes. | Nucleus |
| Importins and exportins mediate transport into and out of this structure through the Ran-GTP cycle, and Cajal bodies are found within this structure | Nucleus |
| Lamins are found within this organelle’s membrane, and post-transcriptional modifications occur within this organelle | Nucleus |
| A structure (*) within this organelle completely disappears during prophase, and the membrane surrounding this organelle is called its namesake “envelope.” | Nucleus |
| This organelle is not found in mature red blood cells, and the presence of this organelle differentiates prokaryotes and eukaryotes | Nucleus |
| name this organelle that stores a cell’s DNA. | Nucleus |
| Along with the histamine granules found in mast cells, this structure is one of few that is stained by hematoxylin, making it basophilic. | Nucleus |
| Plasmogamy in fungi may result in multiple of these structures. | Nucleus |
| This structures contains complexes known as Cajal bodies. | Nucleus |
| The sieve tube cells of vascular tissue lack these, and they are notably absent in (*) erythrocytes. | Nucleus |
| A common cloning procedure inserts one of these structures into a specially prepared egg cell. | Nucleus |
| The disappearance of this structure’s namesake “envelope” marks the end of prophase | Nucleus |
| identify this organelle which houses DNA. | Nucleus |
| Cajal bodies are found within these structures, several of which occupy the coenocytic hyphae [coh-en-oh-sih-tick “high”-fay] of fungi | Nucleus |
| The envelope of this structure is continuous with the rough (*) endoplasmic reticulum, and it contains a subsection where ribosomes are assembled | Nucleus |
| By definition, this structure is absent in prokaryotes, and during mitosis, the chromosomes inside this structure become visible | Nucleus |
| name this organelle that stores DNA, the control center of a cell. | Nucleus |
| These objects’ paraspeckles disappear in response to many metabolic stimuli, and SMN is contained in their Gemini of coiled bodies | Nucleus |
| Emerin and nesprin are components of lamin, which provides structural integrity to these objects. | Nucleus |
| Emerin and nesprin are components of lamin, which provides structural integrity to these objects. | Nucleus |
| Surrounded by a double membrane, this organelle is exclusive to eukaryotes | Nucleus |
| name this organelle that contains most of the cell’s genetic material. | Nucleus |
| snRNPs [snurps] in this organelle enable splicing of pre mRNA | Nucleus |
| This organelle contains Cajal bodies, and its namesake pores interact with importin and RanGTP. | Nucleus |
| Ribosomes are assembled in a suborganelle inside this organelle. Its membrane connects directly to the (*) rough endoplasmic reticulum, and it contains helicases to unwind double stranded DNA before transcription. | Nucleus |
| For 10 points, identify this organelle that contains the majority of genetic material, and acts as the cell’s control center. | Nucleus |
| Three-prime polyadenylation (“paw-lee-uh-DEEN-ul-AY-shun”) occurs in this organelle, and one unit in this organelle contains scaRNAs (“SCAR-en-AZE”), which direct post-transcriptional modifications to another type of RNA found in it. | Nucleus |
| Transport in and out of this site of Cajal bodies is dependent upon a GTPase known as Ran, and importins and exportins move proteins across its membrane | Nucleus |
| This organelle contains snRNPS (“snurps”) that remove introns from pre-mRNA, and intermediate filaments form this organelle’s namesake lamina. | Nucleus |
| This organelle contains a smaller organelle responsible for creating ribosomes, the nucleolus | Nucleus |
| For 10 points, name this organelle that also contains chromatin, the control center of the cell. | Nucleus |
| PML bodies and GEMs are found in this organelle. | Nucleus |
| The “zig-zag” and “solenoid” models describe 30-nm fibers formed when this organelle releases a specific material | Nucleus |
| Transport receptors like importins and exportins help proteins move through this organelle, whose membrane is covered by a (*) mesh known as its namesake lamina. | Nucleus |
| Transport receptors like importins and exportins help proteins move through this organelle, whose membrane is covered by a (*) mesh known as its namesake lamina. | Nucleus |
| This organelle is also the site of transcription in eukaryotic cells. For 10 points, name this cellular “control center”. | Nucleus |
| An object with this name is modelled by a semi-empirical mass formula named for Bethe and Weizsäcker. | Nucleus |
| snRNPs [snurps] assemble in a biological structure with this name | Nucleus |
| Cloud seeding uses silver iodide to produce objects with this name around which water vapor condenses | Nucleus |
| A structure described by this word is contiguous with the (*) rough endoplasmic reticulum. | Nucleus |
| An object described by this word deflected alpha particles in the Rutherford gold foil experiment | Nucleus |
| Highly disordered “FG” complexes in this organelle contain multiple phenylalanine-glycine repeats | Nucleus |
| A gradient between the two conformational forms of the GTPase Ran drives transport into this organelle | Nucleus |
| This organelle is targeted by H&E and DAPI staining. | Nucleus |
| The membrane of this organelle contains a namesake protein lamina and is the site of its namesake (*) pore complexes | Nucleus |
| Histone proteins can be found in this organelle, and a smaller structure within this organelle produces ribosomes. | Nucleus |
| The “envelope” of this organelle is double-layered and its presence is the distinguishing characteristic of eukaryotes | Nucleus |
| name this organelle that contains the cell’s DNA. | Nucleus |
| The “halo” type of these structures have radii larger than predicted by a liquid drop model. | Nucleus |
| Transport of this organelle is depicted by the RAN cycle. | Nucleus |
| snRNPs [SNURPS] are found within this structure, as are bodies named for Cajal. | Nucleus |
| This organelle has a double membrane, which is lined by many pores | Nucleus |
| A subpart of this organelle carries out ribosome synthesis | Nucleus |
| Histone proteins and chromatin are found within this, and a namesake “envelope” surrounds this structure | Nucleus |
| This organelle is known as the “control center” of the cell. | Nucleus |
| name this organelle, which holds a cell’s genetic information. | Nucleus |
| The biogenesis of snRNPs [“snurps”] is thought to be regulated by this organelle’s (*) Cajal bodies, and it can be visualized through Hoechst and DAPI staining. | Nucleus |
| Irregularly shaped compartments of this organelle which change in response to cellular metabolic activity are called paraspeckles, and promyelocytic leukemia bodies are often found in this organelle | Nucleus |
| Movement in and out of these organelles is regulated by RAN proteins at its namesake pores, and this organelle is not found in erythrocytes. | Nucleus |
| This organelle is surrounded by a namesake “envelope” which is continuous with rough ER, and it is the site of transcription | Nucleus |
| For 10 points, name this organelle only found in eukaryotes which contains the nucleolus as well as the genetic material of the cell. | Nucleus |
| Transport to and from this structure is facilitated by RanGTP, which binds to importins, causing the importins to release their cargo | Nucleus |
| 3-prime polyadenylation occurs in this organelle, which contains snRNPs (“snurps”) | Nucleus |
| Lamins provide internal structure to this organelle, and are localized to the same place as NPCs | Nucleus |
| Name this organelle, the site of transcription, where a eukaryotic cell’s genetic material is stored. | Nucleus |
| This organelle is a mandatory component of a eukaryotic cell that controls all cellular activities and regulates gene expression. | Nucleus |
| A disease called Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a rare neuromuscular disorder that is caused by a defect in this organelle | mitochondria |
| Beta-oxidation occurs in this organelle and peroxisomes to metabolize fatty acids and produce Acetyl-CoA | mitochondria |
| Folds in the inner membrane of this organelle are called (*) cristae. | mitochondria |
| The citric acid cycle takes place in this organelle | mitochondria |
| For 10 points, name this organelle which is the site of the Electron Transport Chain, nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell. | mitochondria |
| These structures are impaired in Huntington’s disease, which may cause higher levels of oxidative stress and a release of reactive oxygen radicals | mitochondria |
| Cyanide’s toxicity happens since it targets these structures’ enzyme Complex IV | mitochondria |
| One process that occurs in these structures involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA; that process is the (*) Krebs cycle | mitochondria |
| These organelles exhibit folds called cristae, and these organelles have their own maternally-inherited DNA, similar to their chloroplast counterparts | mitochondria |
| For 10 points, name these organelles where cellular respiration produces a majority of ATP. | mitochondria |
| One reaction in this organelle is driven by the cyclic interconversion of Coenzyme Q10 between ubiquinol and ubiquinone | mitochondria |
| Reducing equivalents, like FADH2 and NADH, serve as the inputs in a pathway in this organelle. | mitochondria |
| In this organelle, a series of protein complexes named I through IV create a (*) chemiosmotic potential that allows ATP synthase to produce ATP. | mitochondria |
| This organelle contains the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain | mitochondria |
| For 10 points, name this organelle, the powerhouse of the cell. | mitochondria |
| A disease of these organelles called MERRF syndrome causes them to appear as ragged red fibers | mitochondria |
| Cytochrome c is released from this organelle to start apoptosis. | mitochondria |
| The inner membrane of this organelle is home to the (*) electron transport chain, and its inner matrix contains DNA inherited only from the mother | mitochondria |
| The second half of cellular respiration and the synthesis of ATP take place in, for 10 points, what organelle, nicknamed the “powerhouse of the cell?” | mitochondria |
| Paradoxically, the genus Monocercomonoides [MON-oh-sir-koh-MON-oi-DEES] completely lacks this organelle. | mitochondria |
| TFAM is a protein found in this organelle’s “matrix.” | mitochondria |
| This organelle contains inner and outer transport mechanisms called TIM and TOM complexes | mitochondria |
| A process in this organelle begins with the addition of acetyl to oxaloacetate [ox-ah-LOW-as-sit-ATE]. | mitochondria |
| This organelle releases cytochrome c into the cytoplasm during (*) apoptosis | mitochondria |
| Inner folds called cristae in this organelle maximize its surface area. | mitochondria |
| The fact that this organelle contains maternally-inherited DNA provides the basis for its namesake “Eve | mitochondria |
| For the point, name this organelle that is often known as the “powerhouse” of the cell. | mitochondria |
| Some organisms have hydrogenosomes [hi-druh-JEN-uh-sohmz] in place of this organelle | mitochondria |
| Ubiquinone [yoo-BICK-win-ohn] is subject to redox reactions called the Q cycle in this organelle, which is rich in the phospholipid cardiolipin [kar-dee-oh-LIP-in] | mitochondria |
| Like the (*) peroxisome, this organelle breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA | mitochondria |
| Many folds called cristae [KRISS-tee] are present in the inner membrane of this organelle | mitochondria |
| Like the chloroplast, it is thought to have formed through endosymbiosis | mitochondria |
| name this so-called “powerhouse of the cell.” | mitochondria |
| Trichomonas (“trick-uh-MOH-nass”) uses a modified form of this organelle called a hydrogenosome (“hydrogen-uh-sohm”) to anaerobically oxidize a 3-carbon compound to produce hydrogen gas | mitochondria |
| This organelle breaks down short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids into acetyl-CoA via beta oxidation | mitochondria |
| The initiation of the caspase cascade that causes apoptosis is triggered by the release of (*) cytochrome c from the inner membrane of this organelle | mitochondria |
| This organelle’s double membrane and maternally inherited DNA provide evidence that, like chloroplasts, this organelle evolved via endosymbiosis. | mitochondria |
| the electron transport chain and citric acid cycle produce ATP within what “powerhouse of the cell”? | mitochondria |
| A complex in this organelle is made up of a Rieske protein and cytochromes b and c1, while another complex involved in the same process is called succinate dehydrogenase | mitochondria |
| Ubiquinone is found in this organelle | mitochondria |
| A protein found here rotates as hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient. | mitochondria |
| Oxidative phosphorylation takes place here, and ATP synthase is embedded in the cristae of this organelle, which surrounds its matrix. | mitochondria |
| name this organelle where the Krebs Cycle occurs, the “powerhouse of the cell.” | mitochondria |
| A form of myopathy named after this organelle is shown by jagged red lines on a Gomori trichrome stain | mitochondria |
| This organelle facilitates apoptosis by releasing cytochrome C, and the endosymbiotic theory is supported by the presence of maternal (*) DNA in this organelle | mitochondria |
| The matrix of this organelle is indented by several folds called cristae, where oxidative phosphorylation takes place. | mitochondria |
| For 10 points, name this organelle that produces ATP via cellular respiration, commonly called the “powerhouse” of the cell. | mitochondria |
| Ubiquinol transfers electrons in this organelle between complexes I, II, and III. | mitochondria |
| Special examples of these organelles containing thermogenin are present in brown fat | mitochondria |
| One process that occurs in these organelles oxidizes succinate to fumarate to reduce a certain flavin nucleotide and begins by converting oxaloacetate to (*) citrate | mitochondria |
| That process transfers electrons to FADH2 and NADH and occurs in the matrix of this organelle, while another process establishes a proton gradient across the inner membrane of this organelle to produce ATP | mitochondria |
| name this organelle where the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur, the powerhouse of the cell. | mitochondria |
| The first steps of the urea cycle take place in this organelle | mitochondria |
| An inner barrier in this organelle allows for the buildup of a hydrogen ion gradient, creating potential energy for a process in which those hydrogens become water molecules | mitochondria |
| Because this organelle has its (*) own genome, the endosymbiotic theory hypothesizes that this organelle is descended from early prokaryotes | mitochondria |
| The electron transport chain takes place in the cristae of the “Inner Membrane” of this organelle, and the Krebs Cycle takes place in its matrix, as part of the process of cellular respiration | mitochondria |
| name this “powerhouse of the cell.” | mitochondria |
| Several diseases of this organelle present with “ragged red” fibers in muscle tissue. | mitochondria |
| The endosymbiotic theory of this organelle’s origin claims that it was a bacteria that had been engulfed by a larger cell | mitochondria |
| This organelle’s inner membrane increases the surface area available for chemical reactions to occur by (*) folding over itself | mitochondria |
| The electron transport chain synthesizes ATP in, for 10 points, what cell organelle that is commonly referred to as the powerhouse of the cell | mitochondria |
| In humans, Drp1 regulates the binary fission of this organelle | mitochondria |
| diseases like MELAS (“MEE-lahss”) and Leber’s (“LEE-ber’s”) hereditary optic neuropathy (“noor-AWE-puh-thee”) are caused by mutations in this organelle’s genome, whose existence supports the idea that this organelle originated via endosymbiosis | mitochondria |
| This organelle contains complexes I through IV of the (*) electron transport chain, which uses a proton gradient to synthesize ATP. | mitochondria |
| he inner portion of this organelle is called the matrix and is surrounded by a membrane folded into cristae | mitochondria |
| name this organelle that produces energy. | mitochondria |
| The “double phospholipid” cardiolipin constitutes 20% of one portion of this organelle | mitochondria |
| A protein released from this organelle binds to APAF1 to trigger the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis | mitochondria |
| In this organelle, a set of reactions called the Q cycle describes how ubiquinone interacts with complex III | mitochondria |
| One process in this organelle uses redox reactions to generate a (*) proton gradient via an electron transport chain. | mitochondria |
| Along with chloroplasts, this organelle’s independent DNA is the subject of endosymbiotic theory. | mitochondria |
| name this organelle that generates ATP, leading to its moniker of “the powerhouse of the cell.” | mitochondria |
| A portion of grp75 serves as a chaperone for the tether of calcium 2+ ion channels linking this structure to the endoplasmic reticulum | mitochondria |
| In the inner membrane of this structure, the Q cycle describes the oxidation and reduction of Coenzyme Q10 between ubiquinol and ubiquinone. | mitochondria |
| That cycle occurring in Complex III [“three”] of this structure reduces (*) cytochrome c in an intermediate step, and that heme protein transfers single electrons and is released from this structure during apoptosis | mitochondria |
| The electron transport chain in this organelle results in the production of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP | mitochondria |
| name this organelle that is the powerhouse of the cell. | mitochondria |
| Only one eukaryote, monocercomonoides, is known to completely lack this organelle. | mitochondria |
| Ragged red fibers on a Gomori stain show a disease of this organelle, and porins exist in the outer membrane of this maternally inherited organelle that contains its own unique DNA | mitochondria |
| he genetic material found in this organelle is often used to assess matrilineal genetic relationships. | mitochondria |
| leigh’s syndrome is a lethal disease that affects the maternally inherited DNA of this organelle | mitochondria |
| In eukaryotes, the products of glycolysis are transported into this organelle, whose matrix is the site of the Krebs cycle. | mitochondria |
| In archaea [ar-KEE-uh], this structure may consist of methano•chon•droitin or pseudo•murein. | cell wall |
| Formation of this structure is inhibited by cephalo•sporins and penicillins | cell wall |
| In plants, plasmodesmata offer a path through this structure, which is held together by pectins | cell wall |
| Whether this structure can hold onto a crystal violet stain is used to classify (*) bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative. | cell wall |
| In bacteria, this structure lies below the starch capsule and consists of peptido•glycan, while in fungi, this structure is instead made of chitin | cell wall |
| name this rigid outer layer of a cell, which in plants consists of cellulose. | cell wall |
| In this structure, lysozyme hydrolyzes the bond between NAM and NAG | cell wall |
| Transport through this structure occurs in channels called plasmo-desmata | cell wall |
| Gram staining is used to determine the thickness of this structure’s (*) peptido-glycan in bacteria | cell wall |
| In fungi, this structure is made of chitin instead of cellulose, which is common in this structure in plants | cell wall |
| name this protective cellular structure that surrounds the cell membrane. | cell wall |
| Damage to this structure triggers production of callose. | cell wall |
| Diatomaceous earth is the remains of these structures that mycoplasmas notably lack, and which Archaea build from pseudomurein | cell wall |
| Gram staining shows the (*) peptidoglycan thickness in this structure in bacteria | cell wall |
| This structure resists turgor pressure, and is made of cellulose when found in plants. | cell wall |
| name this protective structure not found in animal cells, located outside the cell membrane. | cell wall |
| Collenchyma [KO-len-KYE-muh] tissue is distinguished from the sclerenchyma [SCLARE-ren-KYE-muh] and parenchyma [PAIR-ren-KYE-muh] tissues by the properties of this organelle. | cell wall |
| Beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin function by degrading this structure | cell wall |
| The “thickness” of this structure in bacteria indicate whether crystal violet will stain this structure. | cell wall |
| This structure is transversed by (*) plasmodesmata, and Gram-positive bacteria are differentiated from Gram-negative bacteria by the amount of peptidoglycan in this structure. | cell wall |
| Lignin can be found in this structure, which is composed of cellulose in plants. | cell wall |
| name this rigid structure that surrounds the cell membranes of bacteria and plant cells. | cell wall |
| This organelle can contain suberin-heavy features that form a barrier to the apoplastic flux, known as Casparian strips | cell wall |
| A cross-linking reaction in these structures is inhibited by the beta-lactam ring in an antibiotic | cell wall |
| Desmotubules are often found in channels known as plasmodesmata that traverse these structures. | cell wall |
| The presence of (*) peptidoglycan in these structures is detected via Gram staining. Plants can have primary and secondary types of these structures, which often contain lignin | cell wall |
| name these structures that surround the cell membrane, made of cellulose in plants. | cell wall |
| The phragmoplast, which grows from spindle fibers left after cytokinesis, plays an important part in forming this structure. | cell wall |
| Piperacillin targets this part of the cell, as do the echinocandin class of antifungals which inhibit an enzyme that links monoglyceride. | cell wall |
| The antimicrobial properties of lysozymes stem from the way they hydrolyze the bond between (*) NAM [one word] and NAG [one word] residues in this structure. | cell wall |
| In plants, this structure allows the cell to survive hypotonic conditions by restricting expansion of the cell. | cell wall |
| name this rigid protective barrier around the cell that is made of cellulose and is absent in animal cells. | cell wall |
| The secondary form of this structure is substantially larger in sclereid cells | cell wall |
| After auxins decrease the pH, these structures are loosened by expansins in acid growth. They are separated from each other by the middle lamella, which is mostly made of pectin | cell wall |
| Connections through these structures are made via (*) plasmodesmata. | cell wall |
| This structure derives from the “plate” formed during cytokinesis. | cell wall |
| These structures can include lignin. The rigidity of these structures depends on a cell’s turgor pressure | cell wall |
| They’re made of chitin [“KITE”-in] in fungi and cellulose in plants | cell wall |
| name this tough structure that surrounds the cell membrane. | cell wall |
| This structure contains penta-glycine and D-alanine bridges | cell wall |
| The first elucidated enzyme mechanism was for a protein discovered in egg white that destroys this structure. | cell wall |
| This structure is targeted by drugs with four-member rings containing nitrogen and sulfur | cell wall |
| Lysozyme hydrolyzes NAG and NAM in it | cell wall |
| When this structure is “thick”, (*) crystal violet won’t wash out of it | cell wall |
| Beta lactam antibiotics destroy this structure | cell wall |
| The amount of peptido-glycan in this structure distinguishes Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria | cell wall |
| name this structure that surrounds the cell membrane in bacteria, which is made of cellulose in plants. | cell wall |
| During pinocytosis, part of this structure pinches off into a vesicle | Cell Membrane |
| ATP hydrolysis drives the movement of molecules through this structure via (*) active transport, although small enough non-polar compounds may simply diffuse across it. | Cell Membrane |
| The fluid mosaic model describes how channel proteins can embed into this biological structure | Cell Membrane |
| name this structure, a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds cells. | Cell Membrane |
| This structure’s P and E faces are studied using freeze-fracture | Cell Membrane |
| The dynamics of this structure are studied using fluorescent recovery after photobleaching, or FRA | Cell Membrane |
| The dynamics of this structure are studied using fluorescent recovery after photobleaching, or FRA | Cell Membrane |
| During pinocytosis (“PEE-no-sy-TOH-sis”), part of this structure pinches off into a (*) vesicle | Cell Membrane |
| A·T·P hydrolysis drives the transport of molecules through this structure via active transport, although small enough non-polar compounds may simply diffuse across it | Cell Membrane |
| The fluid mosaic model describes this structure | Cell Membrane |
| name this structure, a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds cells. | Cell Membrane |
| name these compounds that make up a bilayer in the cell membrane. | Cell Membrane |
| In the outdated Davson-Danielli model, this organelle was described as trilaminar and lipoproteins | Cell Membrane |
| Movement within this organelle is regulated by flippases and scramblases. | Cell Membrane |
| Clathrin coated vesicles bud off of this organelle in (*) endocytosis. Aquaporins transport water through this organelle, which consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins in the fluid mosaic model | Cell Membrane |
| In plants, the cell wall surrounds, For 10 points, what organelle that encloses the cytosol. | Cell Membrane |
| Platinum and then carbon vapor are used to etch this structure after freeze-fracturing it to produce high-quality images of its interior; other ways to study it include FRAP | Cell Membrane |
| Heptahelical or 7TM proteins like Smoothened span this structure. | Cell Membrane |
| Tween and digitonin are (*) detergents used to purify proteins from this structure. | Cell Membrane |
| Scramblases, flippases, and floppases help maintain the correct distribution of components in the leaflets of these structures. | Cell Membrane |
| A fluid mosaic model describes this structure, which consists of a protein-embedded phospholipid bilayer | Cell Membrane |
| name this semi-permeable structure that separates cells from the outside world. | Cell Membrane |
| This structure is split to image its E-face and P-face in freeze-fracture electron microscopy. | Cell Membrane |
| These structures have microdomains called rafts. Flippases move molecules between this structure’s leaflets | Cell Membrane |
| The Davson-Danielli model of this structure did not take into account integral proteins and was replaced by the (*) fluid mosaic model. | Cell Membrane |
| cholesterol regulates the fluidity of what organelle, composed of a bilayer of phospholipids that surrounds a cell, occasionally inside a cell wall? | Cell Membrane |
| Poikilothermic organisms alter the composition of acyl chains in this structure during homeoviscous adaptation | Cell Membrane |
| Protein receptors and glycosphingolipids are combined in micro domains in this structure called lipid rafts | Cell Membrane |
| Water transport in this structure is facilitated by specific channel proteins called aquaporins | Cell Membrane |
| Sealing strands join these structures together in (*) tight junctions | Cell Membrane |
| Bulk transport occurs across this structure through endo- and exocytosis | Cell Membrane |
| Integral proteins penetrate the lipid bilayer of this structure that is described by the fluid mosaic model | Cell Membrane |
| name this structure that separates the cell interior from the outside. | Cell Membrane |
| Some molecules are transported by flippases and floppases through this structure. | Cell Membrane |
| The fluid mosaic model describes this structure. | Cell Membrane |
| A transport protein moves two potassium ions to one side of this structure for every three sodium ions transported the other way | Cell Membrane |
| name this selectively permeable structure which encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. | Cell Membrane |
| This structure has a (*) hydrophobic interior since the lipid parts of phospholipids assemble together to form a bilayer. | Cell Membrane |
| Proteins that span this structure are classified into four types based on their topology. | Cell Membrane |
| The first model of this structure to include proteins was created by Davson and Danielli | Cell Membrane |
| These structures are made from amphipathic proteins. Peripheral proteins are attached to them, and (*) integral proteins are found in them | Cell Membrane |
| Singer and Nicolson developed the fluid mosaic model for this structure. | Cell Membrane |
| Cholesterol helps maintain the fluidity of this phospholipid bilayer | Cell Membrane |
| The cytoskeleton regulates the shape and size of this structure. | Cell Membrane |
| name this semi-permeable structure that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. | Cell Membrane |
| These structures have a gel-like coating that can identify transplanted and diseased cells, known as the glycocalyx | Cell Membrane |
| Proteins such as scramblases and flippases ensure that portions of these structures remain negatively charged, and areas where they are joined together are classified by the ability of molecules to pass through them. | Cell Membrane |
| Those junctions are called either “tight” or “gap.” | Cell Membrane |
| Water passes through these organelles via aquaporins, and they consist of molecules with polar heads and hydrophobic tails called phospholipids | Cell Membrane |
| name this organelle that separate the inside of the cell from the outside world. | Cell Membrane |
| The phosphatidylserine (“foss-fuh-tie-dil-ser-een”) in this structure is redistributed by scramblases and flippases, which facilitate the transverse diffusion of its components | Cell Membrane |
| SNARE complexes and clathrin coats facilitate one of its functions. | Cell Membrane |
| During apoptosis, localized decoupling of this structure leads to blebbing. Components of this structure include G protein-coupled receptors, aquaporins, sodium-potassium pumps, and ion channels | Cell Membrane |
| Described by the fluid mosaic model, this structure consists of a phospholipid bilayer | Cell Membrane |
| In plants, this semipermeable structure is found just inside the cell wall | Cell Membrane |
| name this organelle marking the boundary of a cell. | Cell Membrane |
| Beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin work by inhibiting the formation of this cell structure | Cell Membrane |
| Name this structure, which separates the cytoplasm interior of a cell from the outside environment. | Cell Membrane |
| Electroporation is used to induce artificial competence by forming holes in this structure | Cell Membrane |
| The fluid mosaic model describes this semipermeable structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer. | Cell Membrane |
| The fluid mosaic model applies to this selectively permeable cellular structure that surrounds the cytoplasm. | Cell Membrane |
| Name this part of the cell that creates a barrier between the interior of the cell and the outside | Cell Membrane |
| It contains various lipids such as cholesterol. Endocytosis occurs when the desired molecules are too big to pass through this outer structure of the cell, and the vesicles used in it are formed from this structure | Cell Membrane |
| Name this structure, composed of a phospholipid bilayer that separates a cell from the outside world. | Cell Membrane |
| This structure uses lipid rafts like caveolae | Cell Membrane |
| The fluid mosaic model of it explains its semi-permeability. | Cell Membrane |
| This organelle is left intact when sap-sucking sea slugs practice kleptoplasty by consuming algae | chloroplasts |
| Plastoquinone [“plas-toe-qwi-no-n”] and cytochrome b6f can be found in this organelle, which contains the tic and toc complexes | chloroplasts |
| In one theory, these organelles descended from multiple endosymbioses of cyanobacteria | chloroplasts |
| A liquid called (*) stroma surrounds stacks of thylakoids called grana in this organelle | chloroplasts |
| The Calvin cycle occurs in this organelle, which contains two types of photosystems | chloroplasts |
| name this organelle where photosynthesis occurs in plants. | chloroplasts |
| Sacoglossan sea slugs sequester these structures from organisms they consume. | chloroplasts |
| Some of these structures contain starch-filled substructures called pyrenoids | chloroplasts |
| Like she claimed for the mitochondrion, Lynn Margulis proposed that this structure probably existed as a prokaryote but then underwent (*) endosymbiosis | chloroplasts |
| This organelle is filled with the fluid stroma, which contains enzymes such as RuBisCO and is where the Calvin cycle takes place | chloroplasts |
| Thylakoids in this organelle contain the green pigment chlorophyll | chloroplasts |
| name this plant organelle that is the site of photosynthesis. | chloroplasts |
| After plastoquinone is reduced into plastoquinol, it transports electrons through the cytochrome b6f protein complex, a part of a membrane located in this organelle | chloroplasts |
| A complex in this structure forms NADPH using the strongest biological reducing agent, P700 | chloroplasts |
| A manganese-containing complex in this structure splits water by performing oxygen evolution. | chloroplasts |
| Thylakoids in this organelle are stacked into grana and surrounded by a fluid that contains DNA and enzymes called stroma | chloroplasts |
| name this organelle that is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis. | chloroplasts |
| Phycobilisomes are present in these organelles in rhodophytes, where they are the site of Floridean starch production | chloroplasts |
| Lynn Margulis proposed the commonly accepted evolutionary history of this organelle, whose DNA is transmitted only by the maternal parent | chloroplasts |
| Lynn Margulis proposed the commonly accepted evolutionary history of this organelle, whose DNA is transmitted only by the maternal parent | chloroplasts |
| Endosymbiont theory suggests that the mitochondria and this organelle originated as bacteria | chloroplasts |
| There are higher concentrations of this organelle in leaves because of its role in photosynthesis. | chloroplasts |
| name this green organelle most frequently found in plants. | chloroplasts |
| Membrane branches called frets connect two types of lamellae in this organelle | chloroplasts |
| S-triazine drugs uncouple one part of this organelle’s metabolism | chloroplasts |
| One part of this organelle has four manganese, one calcium, and one chloride ions, and “evolves” a gas | chloroplasts |
| This organelle has an inward chemiosmotic force, and it has an enzyme that is both an oxygenase and a (*) carbon fixative, called RuBisCo | chloroplasts |
| Mesophyll cells house these plastids, whose grana are stacks of thylakoids | chloroplasts |
| Both the light reactions and Calvin cycle occur in this organelle, which makes glucose. | chloroplasts |
| name this green plant organelle that photosynthesizes. | chloroplasts |
| A process that occurs in this organelle can be modelled with the “Z-scheme.” | chloroplasts |
| In some organisms, this organelle produces PEP instead of 3-phosphoglycerate, and it can make CO2 from malate in bundle sheath cells | chloroplasts |
| In some organisms, this organelle produces PEP instead of 3-phosphoglycerate, and it can make CO2 from malate in bundle sheath cells | chloroplasts |
| This organelle contains molecules like P700, P680, and carotenoids | chloroplasts |
| Like the mitochondrion, this (*) double-membraned organelle has its own DNA and was probably originally a prokaryote that got engulfed | chloroplasts |
| This organelle consists of the fluid stroma, which surrounds the grana, which are stacks of thylakoids | chloroplasts |
| name these plant organelles that contain chlorophyll, the site of photosynthesis. | chloroplasts |
| The “special pair”, a dimer of BChl, is found in this organelle | chloroplasts |
| A five-step oxidation which takes place in this organelle requires a manganese-iron cluster. | chloroplasts |
| Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is either carboxylated or oxygenated, depending on CO2 levels, in this organelle. P680 and P700 are the two reaction centers located in it | chloroplasts |
| Noncyclic electron flow in this organelle provides 9 ATP (*) and 6 NADPH from an electron transport chain | chloroplasts |
| The fluid between its two membranes is called stroma, and is where the Calvin Cycle takes place | chloroplasts |
| name this organelle which has thylakoids, where photosynthesis occurs. | chloroplasts |
| The tic and toc proteins facilitate transport across the membrane of this organelle. | chloroplasts |
| Cyanophora is considered to be one of the first organisms to contain this organelle, and a variety of sea slugs possess the klepto variety of these organelles | chloroplasts |
| Grana in this organelle are formed from stacks of thylakoids, whose membranes are the location where this organelle turns carbon dioxide and water into glucose | chloroplasts |
| Along with mitochondria, this organelle is theorized to have started out as an individual prokaryote before undergoing endosymbiosis | chloroplasts |
| name this plant organelle in which photosynthesis occurs. | chloroplasts |
| In some cells, these organelles can be linked together by tubes called stromules, while one of their functions is performed by the namesake molecule in antenna complexes. | chloroplasts |
| They are thought to have arisen from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis, and they are composed of thylakoids stacked into grana and suspended in stroma. | chloroplasts |
| They are thought to have arisen from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis, and they are composed of thylakoids stacked into grana and suspended in stroma. | chloroplasts |
| Some sea slugs have the klepto type of these | chloroplasts |
| They contain translocons called Tic and Toc, which transport essential proteins into them from the cytoplasm | chloroplasts |
| Multiple ones can function as a network when interconnected by stromules | chloroplasts |
| Made up of stacks of thylakoids called grana, they are filled with a liquid containing ions and enzymes, including RuBisCO | chloroplasts |
| When electromagnetic radiation enters one of these, an electron transport chain is set off, resulting in NADPH | chloroplasts |
| Found in bacteria, algae, and plants, their distinctive color comes from the a and b types of chlorophyll | chloroplasts |
| name these green organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plants. | chloroplasts |
| This organelles' inside is filled with stroma, while it contains many flat disks called thylakoids. | chloroplasts |
| This organelle is found in only autotrophic cells; it contains components such as the stroma and granules. | chloroplasts |
| After ingesting algae, elysia incorporate these organelles from the algae into its own digestive lining | chloroplasts |
| They are responsible for elysia’s green color and allow elysia to survive by photosynthesis. | chloroplasts |
| Name these organelles that contain thylakoid membranes surrounding a fluid known as stroma | chloroplasts |
| Like linear electron flow, cyclic electron flow occurs in the thylakoid membranes within this plant organelle | chloroplasts |
| In plants, these structures are the site of a mechanism in which isocitrate lyase (“LYE-ase”) catalyzes the production of succinate | peroxisomes |
| Mutations in the PEX (“P-E-X”) gene family render these structures non-functional, causing the degradation of myelin (“MYE-uh-lin”), in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and other (*) Zellweger spectrum disorders | peroxisomes |
| Like mitochondria, these structures break down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA (“uh-SEE-til koh-A”) through beta oxidation | peroxisomes |
| These structures neutralize reactive oxygen species using enzymes such as urate oxidase and catalase | peroxisomes |
| identify these organelles named for their ability to produce and break down hydrogen peroxide. | peroxisomes |
| It’s not the lysosome, but Belgian scientist Christian de Duve discovered this organelle while studying glucagon | peroxisomes |
| Zellweger syndrome is a condition which decreases the functional amount of these organelles in cells | peroxisomes |
| Zellweger syndrome is a condition which decreases the functional amount of these organelles in cells | peroxisomes |
| name these organelles that break down H2O2. | peroxisomes |
| An analogue of this structure found in fungi helps clog the cell to prevent leakage of the cytoplasm, and is named for Mikhail Woronin | peroxisomes |
| A disease that affects this structure is caused by a mutation in the PHYH gene and causes buildup of phytanic acid | peroxisomes |
| The excess of such fatty acids caused by the absence of this structure can be reduced with a mixture known as (*) Lorenzo’s oil, which is used to treat sufferers of Zellweger Syndrome | peroxisomes |
| Proteins named after this organelle transport the antifungal glucosinolate, and this organelle’s main function is achieved through the activity of the enzyme catalase | peroxisomes |
| name this organelle whose main task is the breakdown of H2O2 [“H-2-O-2”]. | peroxisomes |
| A form of this organelle in plants contains isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, and facilitates the glyoxylate cycle | peroxisomes |
| Humans lack the uric acid oxidase usually found in them, and are thus susceptible to gout. | peroxisomes |
| Fungal (*) Woronin bodies are analogous to these organelles, whose malfunction can lead to overaccumulation of phytanic acid in Refsum disease and Zellweger syndrome | peroxisomes |
| Very long chain fatty acids are broken down by, for 10 points, what organelles that use catalase to break down their namesake compound, H2O2. | peroxisomes |
| Mutations in this structure’s ABCD1 membrane protein can lead to adrenoleukodystrophy. | peroxisomes |
| This structure contains DHAP acyltransferase, which is used for plasmalogen synthesis | peroxisomes |
| One disease of this structure results from excess phytanic acid in myelin sheaths, while another disease results from defects in the PEX5 and PEX7 genes. | peroxisomes |
| Those diseases are Refsum’s disease and (*) Zellweger syndrome | peroxisomes |
| A modified version of this structure called a glyoxysome is found in germinating seeds, but this structure is better known for containing the enzyme catalase | peroxisomes |
| name this structure responsible for breaking down a compound, with formula H2O2. | peroxisomes |
| Proteins targeted to this organelle contain a series of serine-lysine-leucine residues known as the SLK sequence. | peroxisomes |
| Defects in its ability to process phytanic acid results in Refsum disease, while mutations to its PTSR receptors lead to Zellweger syndrome. | peroxisomes |
| Containing a core with urate oxidase, this organelle is responsible for plasmalogen synthesis as well as the beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA, though it is better known for its detoxification abilities | peroxisomes |
| Also known as a glyoxysome in germinating seeds, FTP, name this organelle that decomposes hydrogen peroxide via catalase activity. | peroxisomes |
| This other organelle is similar to a lysosome but has more catalase [“CAT-uh-lace”] to break down a specific chemical. | peroxisomes |
| Name these organelles, whose main function is to break down their namesake molecule, H2O2, into oxygen and water. | peroxisomes |
| Name this organelle that uses enzymes to decompose its namesake compound into hydrogen and oxygen. It’s also used to breakdown long chain fatty acids. | peroxisomes |
| This organelle derives its name from the molecule it is responsible for breaking down. Its failure is the cause of Zellweger syndrome. | peroxisomes |
| These organelles break down long-chain fatty acids into CO2 and water by means of beta-oxidation. They are derived from the ER and eliminate a dangerous compound which contains oxygen in a minus 1 oxidation state. | peroxisomes |
| This organelle buds off from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and breaks down excess fatty acids and purines. A defection in it may cause Zellweger syndrome. | peroxisomes |
| This organelle, not discovered until 1967, contains enzymes such as catalase that aid in the degradation of the namesake corrosive molecule. | peroxisomes |
| This organelle, common in flower petals, is the variety of plastid that stores pigments. One step in ripening is the conversion of chloroplasts to these organelles. | chromoplast |
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