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Volcanoes

Facts about Volcanoes

TermDefinition
Vent opening in the crust where magma reaches the surface
Crater A bowl-shaped depression found at the top of the volcano, around the vent
Lava molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of the Earth. Can flow from a volcano.
Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface. When it flows onto Earth's surface, it is called lava.
Active Volcano is erupting or may erupt in the near future
Dormant Volcano No activity except for the quiet escape of gas
Shield Volcano Mountain with broad, gently sloping side and a nearly circular base; non-explosive (made up of mostly basalt – ex. Hawaiian Islands)
Cinder-Cone Volcano Steep sides, more explosive and more vicious magma than shield volcanoes, usually less than 500 m tall, generally small
Composite Volcano Layers of volcanic fragments alternate with lava, violently explosive, can be dangerous to humans and the environment, larger than cinder-cone (ex. Mt. St. Helens & Mt. Rainier)
Silica The main ingredient in magma. It's symbol on the Periodic Table is Si
Explosive The more silica, the more ___________ the eruption.
Plate boundaries Where most volcanic belts form
Caldera A large, usually circular depression at the summit of a volcano formed when magma is withdrawn or erupted from a shallow underground magma reservoir.
ash is a mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles expelled from a volcano during a volcanic eruption
eruption the release of molten rock, hot rock fragments, and hot gases through/from a volcano
Popular Earth Science sets

 



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