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Chap 1 Vocab

TermDefinition
immigration the act of coming to live permanently in a new country
industrialization a shift to the widespread use of machines and factories to produce goods
urbanization the formation and growth of cities
economy the way a country manages its money and resources to produce, buy, and sell goods and services
discrimination unfair treatment of a person or group because of beliefs about that group of people
malnutrition a state of poor health due to not having enough healthy food
synonymous alike in meaning, like a synonym
political economy the combination or interaction of economy and government
capitalism an economic system in which resources and businesses are privately owned and prices are not controlled by the government
public policy a set of government steps for how something is done
agrarian relating to farming or agriculture
injunction a court order that specifies an action a person or group must or must not take
invalidate to prove incorrect or illegal
entrepreneur a person who starts a business
5. free enterprise he freedom of businesses to operate without government interference
regulate to control or place limits on
populism a political movement in the 1890s that claimed to represent ordinary people
inflation rise in prices and a fall in the purchasing value of money
Bessemer Process a steel-making process, now largely superseded, in which carbon, silicon, and other impurities are removed from molten pig iron by oxidation in a blast of air in a special tilting retort
Mass production the production of large quantities of a standardized article by an automated mechanical process.
Mechanization , n. the introduction of machines or automatic devices into a process, activity, or place.
Scientific Management , n. management of a business, industry, or economy, according to principles of efficiency derived from experiments in methods of work and production, especially from time-and-motion studies.
Division of Labor, n. the assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency.
Laissez-faire a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering:.
Nativism, n. the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
New immigrant, n. refers to the immigrants who came to the United States primarily after the 1890s, mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe. They were often poor, uneducated, and members of non-Protestant religions, such as Catholicism and Judaism.
Old immigrant refers to the immigrants who came to the United States primarily before the 1890s, mostly from Northern and Western Europe. They were largely Protestant, and included many Irish and German immigrants.
Vertical integration, n. the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
Horizontal integration monopoly, n. Merger of two or more companies that occupy similar levels in the production supply chain.
Trust, n. an arrangement whereby a person (a trustee) holds property as its nominal owner for the good of one or more beneficiaries.
Monopoly, n. the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
Anarchism, n. a political theory advocating the abolition of hierarchical government and the organization of society on a voluntary, cooperative basis without recourse to force or compulsion.
Socialism a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Political machine a group that controls the activities of a political party
Dumbbell tenements n. type of apartment building that was common in New York City in the past. It is characterized by a long and narrow plan with two narrow air wells at each side, which form a shaft for light and air.
Created by: user-1746676
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