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Vocal Tech Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscular Antagonism | anatomically, a balanced tension created when a muscle or muscle group opposes the primary counter movement of the agonist muscle or muscle group |
| agonist | anatomically, a prime mover muscle that is opposed in action by another muscle called the antagonist |
| antagonist | anatomically, a muscle or muscle group that opposes the primary counter movement of the agonist muscle or muscle group |
| classicism | music style of clarity, dignity, and balanced form that existed from approximately 1750-1825 represented by composers as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, also refers to music of high artistic intent and permanence |
| romanticism | musical style during the 19th century based on strong subjective emotions and represented by such composers as Schumann, Verdi, and wagner |
| pharynx | the portion of the vocal tract and alimentary canal situated immediately behind the mouth and esophagus comprising of 3 connecting chambers; 1) the laryngopharynx, the space above the vocal folds 2) oropharynx, which extends from lyroid bone to terminal s |
| trachea | commonly referred to as the windpipe; a cartilaginous tube through which air passes to and from the lungs |
| bronchi | bifurcation of the trachea into 2 branches leading to the lungs |
| bronchiole | smallest division of the bronchial tree within the lungs branching off from the bronchi |
| diaphragm | large dome-shaped partition comprising muscle tendon and sinews facilitates breathing and separates the abdomen (stomach) from the thorax ( chest) |
| thorax | the portion of the torso situated between the neck and abdomen which houses the breathing organs within the framework of the ribs |
| viscera | soft internal organs of the body notably those of the trunk (the intestines) |
| intercostals | the short internal and external muscles between the ribs |
| costal | pertaining to rib or costa |
| How many breath cycles does a typical adult complete daily, and how many liters of air are exchanged daily? | pn average 20,000-25,000 and 10,000 or more liters exchanged |
| what benefits can conscious, self-regulated breathing provide? | increased physical strength, heightened awareness, acute concentration, total relaxation |
| how is breathing related to a singer's release of endorphins, and what are endorphins? | a singer's deep breathing process releases endorphins, which are the same hormone produced in aerobic exercise that produce a relaxation response |
| name the four principal components of the breathing machine | skeletal framework, head, airways, and larynx, sublaryngeal system, musculature |
| how many vertebrae make up the spine, and how do they vary in size? | there are 24 vertebrae that vary from smallest in the neck to largest in the small of the back |
| what is the significance of the 11th and 12th ribs, and which ribs show the most movement during inspiration and expiration | the 11th and 12th ribs are known as the floaty ribs and ribs 8,9, and 10 display the most movement throughout inspiration and expiration |
| describe the passage of air into the body from the nose and mouth | the passage of air begins in the nose and mouth and continues to the pharynx, then larynx, then trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| what are the advantages of mouth breathing over nose breathing | volumes of air are inhaled quicker and more interior space is formed by lifting and arching the soft palate, relaxing the articulating organs are lowering the larynx |
| describe the structure of the trachea and its function in the respiratory system | the trachea may also be called the windpipe and is a flexible, cyndrindrical, cartilaginous pipe resembles a vacuum hose. it continues to the bronchi and bronchioles for carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange |
| what is the primary role of the diaphragm in breathing and how does it change during inhalation | the diaphragm is the floor of the thoracic cavity and ceiling of the visceral. during inhalation the diaphragm forces the abdominal organs |
| what are the characteristics and drawbacks of high torso breathing | involves the upper chest and referred to as the "breath of exhaustion" |
| what is low torso breathing and why is it preferred for activities like singing | low breathing utilizes the abdominal muscles and used in yoga and singing because it allows for a relaxed and complete breath |
| how do yoga practitioners regulate their pulse rate, metabolism, and brain activity? | through direct control over their breathing |
| why should singers try to breathe through the nose whenever feasible? | to control the breath, especially when a song requires slower breathing |
| what percentage of increased air volume does the diaphragm account for? | 60-80% |
| what are the two muscle groups that attach to the ribs and fill in the gaps between them? | intercostals |
| describe the stages of inspiration | 1) when oxygen is needed the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage is assisted by external intercostal muscles 2) inhaled air enters through the mouth/nose and passes through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, expanding the lungs 3)diaphragm descends 4 |
| what is the brief suspension period that occurs before the breath release cycle known as? | expiration |
| explain the process of expiration | expiration is the reverse of inspiration where recoil overcomes the muscular forces of rib cage expansion and the process reverses direction |
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