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Government Unit 3
Political Participation and Behavior
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Who is considered a Citizen? | - born in US - resident for 15 years (can't vote but pays tax) - Passed Naturalization obtaining a green card |
| What laws expanded the scope of "Citizenship"? | 14th Amendment: AA allowed to vote Civil Rights Act of 1964: residents and citizen share the same rights |
| Political Culture | framework of shared values, belief, attitudes concerning politics & government |
| Liberalism | active role of government protecting people's freedoms |
| Things Liberals believe -- | Support gov. effort to regulate econ support politics meant to reduce econ ineq improve healthcare, protect environment |
| Conservalism | gov should follow est. rules and traditions |
| Things Conservatives believes -- | oppose gov force for society change |
| Radical | Refer to the Left: extreme change to create altered/new soc sy. - Green Party, Communist party |
| Liberal | gov take action to change unfairness - democrats |
| Moderate | some of both liberal and conservative - Majority |
| Conservative | keep in place the econ, political, social structure in soc - Republican |
| Reactionary | extreme change to restore society to earlier/more conservative state - Tea Party |
| Socialism | reduce econ ineq by fair wealth distribution with gov controlling econ |
| Liberalism | personal freedom, no government interference |
| Environmentalism | concern with conservation & protection |
| Centrism | middle people |
| Political Party Goal | getting their candidate into office on all levels - express will of people by encouraging unity or support for candidates, informing and shaping public's opinon |
| Political Party functions | - nominate candidate with qualifications - inform & activate supports - "Bonding Agent" represents views - Watchdog: over other party make sure there is no abuse in power -Govern acc. to belief |
| Types of 3rd Parties | 1. Single: focused on one issue 2. Economic protest: promote "better times" 3. Ideological parties: committed to different beliefs 4. Splinter party: formed by unhappy people towards majority party (disrupts election) |
| Interest group | a collection of people who share certain views on public matters and work to shape public policy to their benefit |
| Public Policy | pass laws for public interest |
| Public affairs | those issues and events that concern the people at large scale |
| Pluralism | By Madison: political power distribute & share among group instead of interest groups |
| PAC | political action committee (loophole for money donations for campaigns) - money from members/employees - corporations are top contributors Concern: too much influence over elected officials |
| Lobbying | persuade officials towards a specific issue |
| Litigation | lawsuits to influence policy |
| Grassroot mobilization | people collectively gain support to spread awareness to government |
| Public Socialization | early --> adulthood influence on politics -influence by interest group, journalist, politician |
| Exit Poll | measures public opinion by surveying voters taken at polling place after casting their ballot |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Franchise | right to vote |
| Electorate | potential voting population or those who allow to votes to be determined by federal gov |
| Disenfranchised | denied the right to vote |
| Poll tax | a fee before allowing someone to vote |
| 24th | eliminate poll tax |
| 26th | 18+ allowed to vote |
| Nomination | naming of those who seek office |
| General Election | regularly scheduled elections for public office |
| Caucus | a group of people who meet to select candidates for election |
| Closed primary | a party's nominating election in which only party members can vote |
| Open primary | a party's nominating election in which ANY qualified voter can vote |
| Blanket Primary | an election in which all voters can cote for candidates from every party |
| Presidential | voters have to declare party & vote for that party |
| Presidential election | Prez & VP + 1/3 senate & HOR are relected |
| Midterm | 1/3 senate and all of HOR elected |
| Off-year election | odd years, local/federal levels |
| Swing voter | voter that has not made up their mind yet |
| battleground state | state in which either candidate could win |
| District plan | a plan in which state chooses electors as it chooses members of congress |
| proportional plan | plan that gives each presidential candidate a share of state electoral vote equal to his or her share of the state popular vote |
| Direct popular election | abolishes electoral college and replace with direct popular vote for pres |
| national popular vote plan | a plan to reform the electoral system to accomplish a direct popular vote |
| Maine & Nebraska | congressional district sy |
| 1 person, 1 vote | state at least 3 reps, smaller state more impact than larger state |
| 2002 law | requires disclosure of campaign finance, limit contributions & expenditures, provide federal funding for election |
| Hard Money | contributions given directly to candidate |
| Soft Money | unregulated money donate to political organization |
| Citizen united | corporations protected under 1st, have money = can't limit on spending |
| Ballot Fatigue | voters only vote on the top of the ballot but doesn't complete it |
| Who votes more? | White people, senior, with college education |
| Democratic? typically/ | less education poor women young |
| Republican? typically/ | more education, rich, men, older, south |
| Issue with law that limit campaign spending | - unfair influence due to money - amount of people truly invested in group interest - does not promote vires being held by the majority - unfair/illegal Tactics Benefits: simulate awareness, encourage participation, source of topics |
Created by:
chanfamily
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