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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chondrodysplasia/chondrodystrophia fetalis | Cattle (Angus, Hereford) dogs (Alaskan Malamute). |
| Chondrodysplasia/chondrodystrophia fetalis | Genetic or environmentally induced defective cartilage development (-defective endochondral ossification)-Disproportionate dwarfism(other lesions depend on specific etiology). |
| Osteopetrosis (type of metaphyseal dysplasia) | Dogs, pigs, sheep, horses, cattle, birds, humans. |
| Osteopetrosis (type of metaphyseal dysplasia) | Osteosclerotic,Defective osteoclasts can’t resorb primary trabeculae- spicules of bone fill medullary cavity-aplastic anemia. |
| Congenital cortical hyperostosis (type of diaphyseal dysplasia) | Pigs. |
| Congenital cortical hyperostosis (type of diaphyseal dysplasia) | Osteosclerotic,Exaggerated periosteal bone growth in long bones excess deposition of radiating trabeculae-blockage of lymphatic circulation-edematous legs. |
| Angular limb deformity | Foals, others. |
| Angular limb deformity | Lateral deviation of limbs:congenital or acquired:due to malpositioning in utero, excess joint laxity, trauma, poor conformation, unequal growth across an epiphysis, etc. |
| Osteoporosis animals affected | Any. |
| Osteoporosis | Osteolytic,Greater bone resorption than formation-decreased bone mass, but bone is structurally normal,Results from starvation, parasitism, calcium or copper deficiency, prolonged steroids or hyperadrenocorticism, or physical inactivity. |
| Rickets animals affected | Any growing animal. |
| Rickets | Endochondral ossification fails,Vitamin D or phosphorus deficiency-failure of mineralization (- soft bones)-excess osteoid (since osteoclasts cant adhere to resorb it)-wide growth plates. |
| Osteomalacia animal affected | Any fully grown animal. |
| Osteomalacia | Vitamin D or phosphorus deficiency-wide seams of unmineralized osteoid (-soft bones)-pain, fracture, deformities. |
| Osteodystrophia fibrosa/Fibrous osteodystrophy animal affected | Any. |
| Osteodystrophia fibrosa/Fibrous osteodystrophy | Osteolytic,Parathyroid adenoma, low-calcium/high phosphorus diet or chronic renal failure-excess PTH-increased osteoclast resorption and replacement by fibrous tissue-swollen, deformed, weak bones (rubber jaw). |
| Lead poisoning animal affected | Any. |
| Lead poisoning | Osteosclerotic,interferes with osteoclast activity-increased density of metaphysis parallel to physis (in growing animals)-lead line,Osteoclasts have acid-fast inclusion bodies. |
| Osteofluorosis animal affected | Herbivores. |
| Osteofluorosis | Osteosclerotic,Impaired osteoblasts-inadequate matrix formation-soft bone,Fluoride binds to Ca-hypocalcemia-inc PTH-osteoperosis,Exostosis or sclerosis-chalky,rough periosteal surface. |
| Hypervitaminosis A animals affected | Cats, calves, piglets. |
| Hypervitaminosis A | Stimulate osteoblasts-rough periosteal vertebral surface-deforming cervical spondylosis. |
| Hypervitaminosis D animals affected | Any. |
| Hypervitaminosis D | Osteosclerotic,increase uptake and deposit of Ca-soft tissue mineralization (can lead to death), bone hardening,inc Ca-inc PTH-inhibit resorption. |
| Lumpy jaw (mandibular osteomyelitis) animals affected | Bovine. |
| Lumpy jaw (mandibular osteomyelitis) | Opportunistic actinomyces bovis penetrates injured oral mucosa-chronic pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis-deformed (exostosis), swollen mandible, w/ fistula with purulent exudate containing sulfur granules. |
| Hematogenous osteomyelitis animals affected | Farm animals, others. |
| Hematogenous osteomyelitis | Bacteremia/septicemia (salmonella,actinobacillus pygenes, s. aureus)- bacterial emboli in epiphyseal vessels of long bones or spondylitis (in vertebrae), esp in pigs,70% of foals w/ joint ill have osteomyelitis. |
| Mycotic osteomyeltis animals affected | Any. |
| Mycotic osteomyeltis | Systemic mycoses (blastomyces,coccidiodes immitis,Cryptococcus neoformans)-chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis w/ exostoses. |
| Viral osteitis animals affected | Any. |
| Viral osteitis | Uncommon, Infectious K9 hepatitis, distemper, FeLV, BVD, hog cholera. |
| Hypertrophic osteopathy/pulmonary osteoarthropathy) animals affected | Dogs, humans, others. |
| Hypertrophic osteopathy/pulmonary osteoarthropathy) | Often have intrathoracic mass,inc blood flow to extremities-periosteal exophytoses,OR pulmonary anastomoses-megakaryocytes bypass lungs-induce periosteal growth,Bilaterally symmetrical osteophytes. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy (Lion jaw, Scottie jaw, Westie jaw) animals affected | Dogs: Westie, Scottish terriers. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy | Bilaterally symmetrical, self-limiting lesions on head,Swollen temporo-maxillary region,Bridging on periosteal surface. |
| Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (metaphyseal osteopathy) animals affected | Growing large breed dogs,great dane, Doberman, etc. |
| Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (metaphyseal osteopathy) | Bilaterally symmetrical inflammation of the growth plates of long bones w/ metaphyseal periosteal new bone formation. |
| Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy/cervicospinal arthropathy/equine sensory ataxia/Wobbler syndrome animals affectd | Horses. |
| Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy/cervicospinal arthropathy/equine sensory ataxia/Wobbler | Degeneration of vertebral joint-narrowing of vertebral canal-compression of spinal cord and myelomalacia-ataxia,Fibrillation,eburnation,osteophyte formation at articular facets. |
| Cervical vertebral instability animals affected | Horses 8-18 mo. |
| Cervical vertebral instability animals affected | C3-C5 are instable-dynamic narrowing of vertebral canal during ventroflexion. |
| Cervical static stenosis animals affected | Horses 1-4 yr. |
| Cervical static stenosis | Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum-dorsal compression of C5-C7. |
| Cervical spondylomyelopathy/Wobbler’s syndrome/cervical spondylopathy, cervical vertebral instability, caudal cervical vertebral malformation animals affected | Large breed dogs. |
| Cervical spondylomyelopathy/Wobbler’s syndrome/cervical spondylopathy, cervical vertebral instability, caudal cervical vertebral malformation | Compression and malacia at C6-C7. |
| Dorsal protrusion (prolapse) of intervertebral disk animals affected | Chondrodystrophoid dog breeds (3-6 yrs). |
| Dorsal protrusion (prolapse) of intervertebral disk | Annulus fibrosus degenerates-protrusion of nucleus pulposus into spinal canal-compressive myelomalacia,Usually thoracolumbar. |
| Disk explosion animals affected | Any. |
| Disk explosion | Trauma-sudden disk disintegration-herniation into spinal canal. |
| Embolism of nucleus pulposus, animals affected | Dogs, horses, cats, pigs, humans. |
| Embolism of nucleus pulposus | No gross lesions,Fibrocartilagenous material in spinal arteries or veins. |
| Ankylosing spondylosis (or –itis)/spondylosis deformans, animals affected | Old bulls, sows, dogs. |
| Ankylosing spondylosis (or –itis)/spondylosis deformans | Chronic degenerative disease,Degeneration of intervertebral disks, periosteal stimulation, osteophyte formation. |
| Hip dysplasia, animals affected | Large breed dogs. |
| Hip dysplasia | Genetic and environmental factors,Edema and hemorrhage in teres ligament, then coxofemeral subluxation,Fibrillation, eburnation microfractures, thick capsule, osteophytes,May be from reduced pelvic muscle mass or intrinsic defect in hip joint. |
| Osteochondrosis/dyschondroplasia, animals affected | Dogs, pigs, horses, poultry. |
| Osteochondrosis/dyschondroplasia | Abnormal growth or maturation of cartilage in metaphyseal growth plate or articular epiphyseal cartilage complex of growing bone-retained cartilage-2ndry change in joints (end-stage joint, cartilage collapse, etc)usually in rapidly growing animals. |
| Osteochondrosis dissecans, animals affected | Medium dogs, horses. |
| Osteochondrosis dissecans | Separation of a piece of articular cartilage from subchondral bone,flap of cartilage may become joint mouse. |
| Caprine arthritis-encephalitis,animals affected | Goats. |
| Caprine arthritis-encephalitis | Retrovirus-slow, progressive chronic arthritis-lymphocytic hyperplastic synovitis w/ formation of carpal hygroma. |
| Bursitis, animals affected | Any. |
| Bursitis | actinomyces bovis,Brucella abortus,Onchocerca cervicalis-Fistulous withers (supraspionous bursa at T2) and Poll evil (atlanto-occipital bursal at C1-C2) in horses-pyogranulomatous inflammation and exudate-fistula. |
| Erosive, rheumatoid-like arthritis, animals affected | Dogs: small/toy breed. |
| Erosive, rheumatoid-like arthritis | Bact cellwall components xreact w/norm proteoglycan, anticollagen ab,suppressor Tcell IgG/IgM against intraarticular structure neutrophil/comp-lysosomal enzymes-damge intarticular structure-chron proliferative lympho-plasmacytic synovitis w/pannus form/fi |
| Non-erosive arthritis,animals affected | Dogs and cats. |
| Non-erosive arthritis | Deposition of immune-complex (type III hypersensitivity) in synovial membranes,associated with chronic diseases of other organs. |
| Laminitis,animals affected | Horses, cattle. |
| Laminitis | Unknown etiology,Reduced vascular perfusion of P3 - congestion, edema, and separation of laminae from P3 in acute cases,rotation of P3 w/ penetration of sole and osteomyelitis in chronic cases. |
| Articular gout,animals affected | Poultry, reptiles, humans. |
| Articular gout,animals | Some animals don’t have uricase, increase protein diet or chickens w/ genetic impairment of kidney-deposition of uric acid in synovial capsules. |
| Visceral gout,animals affected | Poultry, reptiles, humans. |
| Visceral gout | Kidney failure-deposition of uric acid in viscera. |
| Synovioma/sarcoma | Rare,Biphasic appearance,fibroblasts and epithelioid cells. |
| Osteoma | Horse, cattle,smooth, solitary, monostotic (1-bone) nodules,Usually on skull |
| Osteochondroma | Dogs, horses. multiple exostoses capped with cartilage,Stop growing when skeleton stops growing,Near growth plates. |
| Chondroma | Dogs, cats, sheep,benign cartilage tumor, usually on flat bones and ribs |
| Osteosarcoma | Dogs (esp. lrg breed, 7.5 yrs), cats,80% of all tumors,Usually long bones (away from elbow, toward knee),Simple: formed in collagenous matrix,Compound: bone and cartilage,Pleomorphic: anaplastic. |
| Chondrosarcoma | Dogs, sheep Rare,Produce cartilaginous matrix, never osteoid,Usually pelvis,nasal cavity, sternum, ribs. |
Created by:
alljacks
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