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What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?
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Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to
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Chapter 16,18,19,20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What results when systemic blood pressure is increased? | Vasoconstriction |
| Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to | rupture. |
| Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria? | 128/82 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the | conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. |
| Constrictive pericarditis is associated with | impaired cardiac filling. |
| Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with | antiplatelet drugs. |
| An example of an acyanotic heart defect is | ventricular septal defect. |
| Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina. | Prinzmetal variant |
| A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience | syncope. |
| Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at | decreasing myocardial oxygen demands. |
| The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in | non-Hispanic black adults. |
| Mitral stenosis is associated with | a pressure gradient across the mitral valve. |
| Pulse pressure is defined as | systolic pressure – diastolic pressure. |
| Hypertension is closely linked to | obstructive sleep apnea. |
| Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? Correct! | Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118 |
| Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of | cardiac tamponade. |
| The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is | ST-segment elevation. |
| Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of | peripheral pooling of blood. |
| Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom? | Edema |
| In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing? | Class II, Compensated Stage |
| A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n) Correct! | elderly woman without a previous history of MI. |
| A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock. | septic |
| Lusitropic impairment refers to | impaired diastolic relaxation. |
| Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of | baroreceptor activity. |
| The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with | antibiotics. |
| Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to | pulmonary stenosis. |
| In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? | Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute |
| Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of | nitric oxide. |
| Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms? | Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome) |
| A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock. | obstructive |
| A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing | acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. |
| Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock. | cardiogenic |
| Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock? | Anaphylactic |
| In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with | high cardiac output. |
| Left-sided heart failure is characterized by | pulmonary congestion. |
| Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of | β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. |
| Aortic regurgitation is associated with | diastolic murmur. |
| The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of | apoptosis. |
| Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? | Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118 |
| Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with | acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction. |
| A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is | stable angina. |
| While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding? Correct! | Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. |
| What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume? | Tachycardia |
| Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure. | mean arterial |
| Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by | lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave. |
| The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is | vasodilation. |
| Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in | systemic vascular resistance. |
| Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells. | renin |
| First-degree heart block is characterized by | prolonged PR interval. |
| Cardiogenic shock is characterized by | reduced cardiac output. |
| The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of | reentry mechanisms |
| A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock? | Septic |
| A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock. | septic |
| Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they | reduce cardiac output. |
| Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class? | Class I |
| In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? | Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute |
| Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of | peripheral pooling of blood. |
| Sepsis has been recently redefined as | a systemic inflammatory response to infection. |
| Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock? | Crystalloids |
| A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing | acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. |
| The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is | digitalis. |
| High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases | afterload |
| A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of | hypertensive crisis |
| A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely | hypotension |
| Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure? | sodium |
| An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by | positioning the arm above the heart level. |
| The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is | reduced cardiac output. |
| A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is | serum potassium. |
| An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of | premature ventricular complexes. |
| Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n) | communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. |
| A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm? | Ventricular escape rhythm |
| A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit | pulmonary congestion with dyspnea. |
| A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. |
| Cor pulmonale refers to | right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension |
| An elderly patient’s blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient’s left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure? | Left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload. |
| An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by | positioning the arm above the heart level. |
| A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of | mitral regurgitation. |
| Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension | secondary |
| After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of | right-sided heart failure. |
| Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to | decrease left ventricular afterload. |
| Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock? | Septic |
| The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by | tachycardia. |
| Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells? | Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T |
| Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure? | Sodium |
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