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comm ch 9-10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Importance of Relationships | Social relationships are essential to our sense of belonging, Social bonds need to be: Interactive & Emotionally close, Essential to well-being, Most disclosive/highly communicative, Require maintenance, Max of 7 |
| Nature of Personal Relationships | Commitment, Interdependence (dependent on one another), Investment, Dialectical tensions (how one deals with struggles in a relationship) |
| Dialectical tensions (how one deals with struggles in a relationship) | Autonomy vs Connection (do your own thing, I vs we, do things together), Openness vs Closedness (vulnerability shared), Predictability vs Novelty (stability and consistency vs spontaneity and new things in relationships) |
| Liking | Affection (warm feelings toward them), Respect (listen and admire their choices and opinions) |
| Loving | Intimacy (emotional, requires self-disclosure), Caring, Attachment (missing someone when they’re not present) |
| Attraction Theory | Proximity: Mere exposure effect, Appearance: “What is beautiful is good” effect (stereotyping) & Matching Similarity: “Birds of a feather” effect (people with similar interest), Reciprocal liking, Complementarity (opposites attract) |
| Appearance | What is beautiful is good” effect (stereotyping), Matching (people who we think are similar in terms of physical attraction) |
| Uncertainty Reduction Theory: | We don’t like uncertainty. More we know, the better. |
| Social Exchange Theory: | We seek relationships where the benefits outweigh the costs, Rewards: Positives derived from relationship, Costs: negatives derived from relationship, Outcome (0): Rewards – costs |
| Comparison level (CL) | What you expect to get out of a relationship |
| Comparison Level of Alternatives (CLALT): | How does your relationship measure up to the alternatives present |
| Satisfaction | Outcome greater than Comparison Level |
| Stability | Outcome greater than Comparison Level of Alternatives |
| Positive relationship: | 0 greater than CL and CLALT, Happy, stable |
| Dependent relationship: | CL greater than 0 greater than CLAT, Unhappy, stable |
| Terminating relationship: | CLALT greater than CL greater than 0, Unhappy, unstable |
| Uncertain relationship: | CLALT greater than 0 greater than CL, Happy, unstable |
| Relational Maintenance Behaviors: | Social Networks: people tend to be closer to another, Openness: willing to share things, Assurances: reaffirm our commitment to the relationship , Positivity: acts of service, positive messages, Sharing tasks: spending time together |
| Coming Together: | Initiating, Experimenting, Intensifying, Integrating, Bonding |
| Initiating: | Am I attracted to this person? Should I initiate conversation? Uncomfortable/problems leads to exit (initial screening) |
| Experimenting: | Search for commonality: Question asking stage, Small talk. Very judgmental (people have standards), Do I want to continue? |
| Intensifying: | Increase in self-disclosure, Use of “we” begins (the two of them as a singular unit), Verbal shortcuts (idioms, nicknames, inside jokes), Direct expression of commitment: “You’re really important to me” |
| Integrating: | Identify as a pair (official relationship starts), Adopt each other's mannerisms and speech patterns, May exchange symbols of relationship matching/exchanging clothing): Difficulty managing dialectical tensions of connectedness vs. autonomy |
| Bonding: | Public commitment (moving in together, marriage): Ritual, Institutionalized |
| Coming Apart: | Differentiating, Circumscribing, Stagnating, Avoiding, Terminating |
| Differentiating: | Highlight differences (icks repels), Seek individual identity, Conflict and argument development, Bond – differentiate – recommit |
| Circumscribing: | Limitation is key (stops talking): Quality (talking about nothing important) & Quantity. Conversation focuses on safe topics, Appears “normal” to outsiders |
| Stagnating: | Individuals appear to be strangers, Limit interaction to “need to know” basis, No need to talk – partners know what the other will say (mental conversations, eye contact) |
| Avoiding: | Individuals avoid face-to-face interaction, Create physical and emotional distance, May be direct or indirect (ghosting) |
| Terminating: | Formal ending of the relationship (can happen after any stage), Sever all ties, Negotiation of the new terms of the relationship |
| Friendship | a voluntary interpersonal relationship characterized by intimacy and liking. |
| Characteristics of friendship: | Voluntary, Platonic, Peers, Governed by rules, Differ by sex (different support system), Have a lifespan, Volatile (reactive, easy to change) |
| Six Stages of Friendship: | Role-limited interaction (classmates, coworkers), Friendly relations, Moves toward friendship, Nascent friendship (blooming friendship), Stabilized friendship, Waning friendship (friendship dissolves) |
| Primary functions of Friendship: | Companionship, Achievement of practical goals |
| Two categories of friendships based on functions: | Communal ,Agentic (for practical goals) |
| Friendship Rules: | Show support, Defend your friends, Offer resources, Be enjoyable, Provide help without being asked, Share interests and viewpoints, Be the friend you would like to have |
| Friendship Challenges: | Betrayal, Geographic Separation, Attraction: Romance & FWB relationships |
| Family | network of people who share their lives over longer periods of time and are bound by marriage, blood, or commitment; who consider themselves as family, and who share significant history and anticipated future functioning in a family relationship |
| Biogenetic lens | Genetic ties, Share a genetic link |
| Sociological lens | Legal obligations, Recognized by laws and regulations |
| Role lens | Emotional attachments (found family), Relationships can be either voluntary or involuntary |
| Family origin | Family one grows up in, Typically, parents and/or stepparents, siblings |
| Family of procreation | Family one starts as an adult |
| Forms of Families: | Nuclear, Blended, Single parent, Extended |
| Attachment Theory | Our interpersonal relationships and their dependability are created through our relationship with our caregivers as children. Attachment Anxiety & Attachment Avoidance |
| Attachment Anxiety | Degree of fear of rejection, Low: not afraid of rejection, High: afraid of rejection |
| Attachment Avoidance | Degree of desire for close interpersonal ties (keeping people away from an emotional distance), Limited/guarded emotional display, physical distance |
| Secure Attachment: | LOW anxiety and LOW avoidance: not afraid of rejection and meeting new people, emotionally secure, people usually accept them |
| Secure Attachment outcome: | Relationship Outcomes: Warm, supportive background, High self-esteem, Confident communicator. Conflict: Work toward resolution of difficulties |
| Preoccupied Attachment: | HIGH anxiety and LOW avoidance: thinks people will reject and leave them, desire for deeper relationships, need to confirm other’s emotional attachment |
| Preoccupied Attachment outcome: | Relationship outcomes: Constant worry, Demand attention and reassurance, Difficult for partners over long term. Conflict: Extreme responses, Live in denial |
| Dismissive Attachment: | LOW anxiety and HIGH avoidance: independent, confident individuals that don’t want deep ties, put themselves first |
| Dismissive Attachment outcome: | Relationship outcomes: Self-reliant, Relationships as unimportant, Causal rather than serious commitment. Conflict: Exit |
| Fearful Attachment: | HIGH anxiety and HIGH avoidance: afraid people will reject and leave them, protect oneself by avoiding relationships |
| Fearful Attachment outcome: | Relationships outcomes: Stay away from close relationships, Chronic distrust, Prefer dependent partners |
| Family Conversation | (how open a family are about talking about certain topics), High: a lot of topics that go in depth, Low: limited topics that go in depth |
| Family Conformity | (how a family expects its members to act or experience the same things in life), High: everyone does the same thing; same college, Low: does not expect same things |
| Consensual Families level: | high conversation and high conformity |
| Consensual Families: | High levels of disclosure, Express caring and concern, Common viewpoints, Parents are authority figure. Conflict patterns: Threatened by unresolved conflict, Threatened by conflict, Engage, Constructive approach |
| Pluralistic families level: | high conversation and low conformity |
| Pluralistic families: | Open, unconstrained communication, Enjoy debate, Lack control over viewpoints, Children contribute. Conflict patterns: Not threatened, Low avoidance, Engage, Collaborate, Highest rates of resolution. |
| Protective families level: | low conversation and high conformity |
| Protective families: | Communication enforces obedience, Low disclosure, Power differential, Lack communication skills. Conflict patterns: Unlikely to have open disagreements, Threatens conformity, Avoid, Lack skills for productive management. |
| Laissez-faire families level: | low conversation and low conformity (like planets in their own orbit, rarely meeting each other) |
| Laissez-faire families: | Infrequent interaction, Uninvolving communication, Few emotional bonds, Children are independent thinkers. Conflict patterns: Rare occurrence, Avoid, Compete. |
Created by:
aychan
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