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In the endocrine system, secreting cells send hormones to signal specific
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In _____, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone.
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Emilee Gallt
Chap 25-29
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the endocrine system, secreting cells send hormones to signal specific | target cells. |
| In _____, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone. | antagonism |
| Hormones can be classified as either | steroid or nonsteroid |
| Which of the following statements is true? | Unused hormones usually are quickly excreted by the kidneys. |
| According to the hypothesis, steroid hormone receptors are not attached to the plasma membrane, but seem to move freely in the nucleoplasm. | mobile-receptor |
| The control of hormonal secretion is usually part of a(n) | negative feedback loop |
| Nonsteroid hormones include | proteins. peptides. glycoproteins. |
| When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called | permissiveness |
| Not all nonsteriod hormones operate according to the second messenger model. The exception is the pair of thyroid hormones called | thyroxine and triiodothyronine. |
| If synthesis of new receptors occurs faster than degradation of old receptors, the target cell will have more receptors and thus be more sensitive to the hormone. This phenomenon is called | up-regulation |
| Eicosanoids are a unique group of lipid molecules that include | prostaglandins. thromboxanes. leukotrienes. |
| As a group, prostaglandins are involved in overall endocrine regulation through their influence on | adenyl cyclase interaction within the cell’s plasma membrane. |
| Which tissue hormones act as regulators, synthesize blood platelets, and are important in blood clotting? | thromboxanes |
| Which tissue hormones act as regulators of immunity? | leukotrienes |
| The adenohypophysis is divided into which two parts? | pars anterior and pars intermedia |
| The stem-like stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus is the | infundibulum |
| Which hormone develops the breasts during pregnancy in anticipation of milk secretion? | prolactin |
| The formation and activity of the corpus luteum result from the secretion of | luteinizing hormone. |
| Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are stored and released by the | neurohypophysis. |
| The body’s “biological clock” is supported by the | pineal gland. |
| Which hormone increases calcium storage in bone? | calcitonin |
| The primary function of aldosterone is | sodium homeostasis |
| _____ accelerate(s) the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. | Glucocorticoids |
| Which pancreatic hormone tends to promote the movement of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids out of the blood and into the tissue cells? | insulin |
| The _____ serves as a temporary endocrine gland and produces human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. | placenta |
| Hyposecretion of prolactin can cause | insufficient milk production in nursing women. |
| Which types of cells of the adenohypophysis secrete luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone? | gonadotrophs |
| How does the growth hormone affect metabolism? | promotes protein anabolism indirectly inhibits glucose metabolism promotes lipid mobilization and catabolism indirectly increases blood glucose levels |
| Which hormone prevents the formation of a large volume of urine? | antidiuretic hormone |
| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | plasma |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin. |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia |
| Platelets play an important role in | blood clotting |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen |
| A disease that develops as a result of the reaction of a mother’s Rh antibodies with her Rh-positive baby is | erythroblastosis fetalis |
| ____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. | Heparin |
| The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as | fibrinolysis. |
| In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of | prothrombin activator. |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | endothelium |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | valves. |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves. |
| The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the | papillary muscles. |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium. |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | coronary arteries |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | sympathetic parasympathetic |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG. |
| A type of abnormal heart sound that may signify incomplete closing of the valves is | a heart murmur. |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | elastic arteries |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries. |
| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia. |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles? | precapillary sphincters |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | systemic |
| In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. | vascular anastomoses |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| A few arteries open into other branches of the same or other arteries. This is called | arterial anastomosis. |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis |
| Blood from the brachiocephalic vein drains into the | head, neck, and upper extremity |
| Renal veins drain blood from the | kidneys. |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | great saphenous vein |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
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Emiee9761