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AnthroPology Exam 4

Chapters 9-12 (weeks 12-15)

QuestionAnswer
(W12) Which kind of primate dominated through most of the Miocene and then declined toward the end of that epoch? Apes
How do you pronounce "Epoch" epic
(W12) Which was the largest primate that ever lived? Gigantopethcus
(W12) For which modern ape do we have a relatively good fossil record? Orangutans
(W12 ) Which of these characteristics define a hominin? Non-honing Canines and Bipedal walking
(W12) Which Scholar put fourth the Provisioning Hypothesis for the origin of bipedalism? C. Owen Lovejoy
(W12) True or False? Apes have thinner enamel on their molars than hominins do. True
(W12) True of False? Temporalis is a muscle of mastication (chewing). True
(W12) True or False? Human canine teeth wear on the back edge (not at the tip) False
(W14) What is the most striking difference between an australopithecine and early Homo skull? The early homo teeth look much more human, specifically the smaller back teeth.
(W14) Which came first out of the evolution of homo sapians? Bipedalism
(W14) Which hominin has relatively long arms and short stature, much like an australopithecine? Homo Habilis
(W14) True or False? Multiple species of hominins lived at the same time in East Africa. True
(W14) True or False? Homo Habilis was the first species of hominin to walk out of Africa. False
(W14) What term was used to describe the Early Paleolithic tool industry of early homo habilis. Olduwan
(W14) What is the term for the tool industry made and used by Homo erectus? Acheulean
(W15) What is something we learned about these two bipedal species; Australopithecus boisei and homo erectus. They were contemporaneous=alive at the same time.
(W15) What was the graduate student looking for in the cave known as Sima De Los Huesos? Bear bones
(W15) True or False? Homo erectus, after leaving Africa. rapidly expanded into southeast Asia. True
(W15) True or False? There is no way that "Peking Man" was living in Zhoukoudian cave: it was too steep to walk into, it was more like a faunal trap. False
(W15) Where was the Amud Neanderthal found? His bones were found in what is now Israel.
(W15) True or False? The model that helps explain why some modern humans have Neanderthal DNA is the Assimilation Model. True
What is a Plesiadapiforme? (plays-ia-dap-i-form) A primate like mammal
When did Plesiadapiformes evolve? In the Paleocene
What happened for primates during the Eocene? Primates of modern aspects evolved into two main groups
What was one of the oldest primates that evolved during the Eocene? Eosimias
What happened with anthropoids during the Oligocene? They had a big adaptive radiation
What was the largest primate fossil found in the Fayum, Egypt? Aegyptopithecus
Why is Aegyptopithecus important? Aegyptopithecus is thought to be the ancestor for all old world monkeys.
What is the derived dental formula for sexually dimorphic canines? 2-1-2-3
What happened for Apes during the miocene? Apes had a lot of adaptive radiation. They also migrated from europe into Asia.
Where did apes first evolve? Were many species of apes alive at the same time? Africa, yes many different species of apes were alive at this time.
Which is more human a monkey or an ape? What evidence suggests either? Humans are similar to both primates, like monkeys, humans have a long spine that is not attached to our ischium. While humans have similar ribcages to apes, our jaw is also similar to an apes.
What apes were alive in the Miocene and where? The Proconsul, from East Africa. The Dryopithecus from Ethiopia, Sivapithecus from Asia, Gigantopithecus from China, an Oreopithecis, form Southern Europe
What happened for Apes toward the end of the Miocene? Why? Apes began to decline. They were being outcompeted by old world monkeys because they reproduced faster.
What is K and R selection? K and R selection refers to how fast an animal reproduces in relation to its environment.
What is K selection and what participates in it? K selection is where an animal is more likely to reproduce bigger babies in a longer period of time and when their environment is stable. K selected Primates include Apes, and Humans
What is R selection and what Participates in it? R selection is where animals have more babies that are smaller, not depending on their environment. Animals like Monkeys, and rodents
True or False K selected animals can become more R selected if their environment is unstable? True
What is Mosaic Evolution? Where one trait in the body is adapted more then others.
What is an example of Mosaic evolution? Ardi (the oldest Bipedal species of ape) being fully bipedal but still having straits associated with quadruped species of apes. (abducted helix, pelvis was not fully developed for bipedal walking)
What happened for monkeys during the Pliocene and Pleistocene? Many species of monkeys began to multiply.
True or False The many climate changes along with the Ice ages occurred during the Pleistocene? True
What is the difference between honing and non honing canines? Honing is primitive, Nonhoning is derived.
True or False? Bipedalism evolved in the savannah. False, it evolved in the woodlands.
What characteristics of Ardipithecus ramidus (ardi) suggested that is was a hybrid? The upper half of the pelvis had a short ilia, and the presence of an anterior inferior iliac spine and a wide sacrum. While the lower half of the pelvis has a long, ape like Ischium.
True or False? Ardi Evolved from a knuckle walking ape? False, Ardi had a flexible wrist.
How did Lucy provide evidence that Bipedalism came before the other evolutionary traits? Lucy was perfectly bipedal, but she had a small brain and unique teeth.
How did the foot prints of Au. Afarensis provide evidence of being habitually bipedal? Their hallux was straight, and they had a longitudinal arch.
What is a Foramen Magnum? An adaptation for maintain balance of the head atop the cervical vertebral column during bipedalism.
What is a Lumbar Lordosis? Do Apes poses it? The natural curvature of the spine above the ilium. No, their spines are C- Shaped.
What is a Bicondylar Angle? Do Apes have it? It is the inward angle of the human knee to help with balance. Apes do not have it, their knees are straight.
Why is Au. Garhi Important? He might have been the first ape to use stone tools.
What were the Robusts skull features? Why do they posses them? Large Molars and premolars, large face, massive muscle attachments to the skull , zygomatic arch, Large sagittal crest. This is because they chewed a lot of vegetal foods.
True or False? Homo habilis had modern teeth. True
When were Olduwan tools used? 2.6 MYA
What were Homo erectus's firsts? First to walk out of Africa, First to control fire, First to eat a lot of meat, first to have a projecting nose.
What were some characteristics of Homo erectus? Tall, powerful and had strong bones.
How old is the Ardipithecus Ramidus (arid's) skeleton? 4.4 Mya
How old is Australopithecus Afarensis (lucy's Skeleton) 3.2 Mya
When were the first humans (homo habilis) belived to be alive? 2.5-2.8 Mya
When did Homo erectus walk out of Africa? 1.8 Mya
True of False? Neanderthals were the ancestor of humans? False, although they had a common ancestry and bred with humans.
What were the characteristics of Neanderthals? Lived near the artic circle, red hair, fair skin, strong limbs, very large noses.
True or False? The Cranial capacity of a Neanderthal was larger then the modern peoples? True.
What were Neanderthals' social behaviors like? Lived in groups, buried their dead and took care of their sick and disabled.
How much does the average person who is not of African decent have of Neanderthal DNA? 4%
When did Neanderthals go extinct? 30,000 years ago
True or False? Neanderthals were wiped out by modern humans? False
True or False? Neanderthals had human speech capabilities? True
True or False? Modern humans have domesticated ourselves? True, our overall bones and bone structure is much smaller and weaker then our ancestors because of our cultures we do not have to survive in as harsh of conditions.
When did modern people evolve and migrate out of Africa? 100KYA-60Kya
Where was the places people migrated to first? Australia, North America
Created by: QueenCooter
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