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Human Anatomy Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood vessels and nerves pass through the _______, which is a double layer of serous membrane that supports and connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall. | Messentary proper |
| The _______ cells within the gastric glands produce HCl, while the ______ cells produce pepsinogen | Parietal, chief |
| Three pairs of major salivary glands | Parotid salivary glands, submanidibular salivary glands, and sublingual salivary glands |
| The esophagus’ lumen is lined by _________ epithelium | Stratified squamous |
| The proximal portion of the small intestine is called the ________, while the terminal portion of the small intestine is the ______ | Duodenum, ileum |
| The muscularis tunic of the stomach contains ___ layers of smooth muscle | 3 |
| The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall by the _______ | Falciform ligament |
| List the three structural adaptations of the small intestine that serve to increase surface area | Circular folds, microvilli, and villi |
| The digestive organ that synthesizes and secretes bile is the ______ and the organ that stores bile is the ______. | Liver, gallbladder |
| What organ supplies digestive enzymes into the first portion of the small intestine | Pancreas |
| What is primarily absorbed from the large intestine | Electrolytes, water, and vitamins |
| What layer or tunic of the large intestine is responsible for the formation of the haustra? | Teniae coli |
| What are the four tunics or layers of the digestive tract | Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia (serosa) |
| Describe the structural differences found in the four tunics of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. STOMACH | mucosa (simple columnar, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa), submucosal (CT), muscularis (3 layers innermost run oblique, middle run circular, outermost run longitudinal) serous (within CT of visceral peritoneum) |
| Describe the structural differences found in the four tunics of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. ESOPHAGUS | Mucosa (non-keratinized squamous), submucosal (CT with a few mucus secreting glands) muscularis; 2 layers (1/3 skeletal, 2/3 half skeletal/half smooth, 3/3 smooth) inner layer runs circular while outer runs longitudinal, adventitia ( CT) |
| Describe the structural differences found in the four tunics of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. DUODENUM | Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa), submucosa (CT with glands), muscularis (innermost runs circular, outermost runs longitudinal), serous (present) |
| Describe mucosa | Deepest layer, epithelium, layer of CT called lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa |
| Describe submucosa | Only layer with glands, made up of CT |
| Describe muscularis | Composed of 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner is circular and follows diameter, outer is longitudinal and follows length. |
| Describe adventitia/serosa | Outer most superficial layer (if a. It is only CT, if s. It is a serous membrane) |
| The kidneys are located between the posterior abdominal wall and the parietal peritoneum, and are thus referred to as______ | Retroperitoneal |
| The male urethra functions in the _____ and_____ organ systems, while the female urethra has a single function associated with the ______ system | Urinary, reproductive, and urinary |
| List the sequence of vessels through which an erythrocyte passes as it moves from the renal artery to the renal vein | Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent artery, glomerulus, efferent artery, peritubular capillaries, venues, interlobular veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein |
| The _______ of the sperm cell contains enzymes that assist in penetration of the zona pellucida | Acrosome |
| The ______ is the coiled tube that leads to the ductus (vas) deferens, which functions to store spermatozoa and allow them to mature. | Epididymis |
| What cells of the testes produce testosterone? | Interstitial cells |
| Meiosis in the male results in the production of ___________ haploid gametes; in females, meiosis results in _______ haploid gametes. | sperm (spermatozoa), eggs (oocytes) |
| The ovaries are analogous to what structure in males? | Testis |
| The oocytes are analogous to what structure in males? | Spermatozoa |
| Estrogen is analogous to what in males? | Testosterone |
| Progesterone is analogous to what in males? | Testerone |
| The oviduct are analogous to what structure in males? | Glans of penis; epididymis; vas defrens |
| The clitoris (right and left crura) is analogous to what structure in males? | Right and left crura of penis |
| The vestibular bulbs are analogous to what structure in males? | Bulb of penis |
| The vestibular glands are analogous to what structure in males? | Bulbourethral glands |
| The labia majora are analogous to what structure in males? | Scrotum |
| In what layer of the uterus does the embryo implant? | Endometrium |
| Comparison between oogenesis and spermatogenesis. OOGENESIS | Occurs in the ovaries, a primary oocyte divides to form a polar body and 1 secondary oocyte. The secondary oocyte divides to form one polar body and one ovum (egg), polar bodies are formed in oogenesis, stops at menopause pause, forms in the embryo, begin |
| Comparison between oogenesis and spermatogenesis. SPERMATOGENESIS | Occurs in the testes, a primary spermatocyte divides to form 2 secondary spermatocytes, then a secondary spermatocyte divides into two spermatids. A polar body is never formed, they are produced by the millions until death, begins at puberty, 4 spermatids |
Created by:
Ashley.mcmillan