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Music History Exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the Baroque dates? | 1600-1750 |
| What was the importance of the performer? | Music was centered on the performer; performing was a real job and performers were expected to interpret the music and bring it alive for the audience |
| How was ornamentation implemented? | It was a means for moving the affections and it was not written out, rather expected to be added and improvised by the performer either briefly or in a more extended way |
| What were the opera/musical theater styles in Italy? | Italians invented and developed the opera genre |
| What were the opera/musical theater styles in Germany? | Germany welcomed Italian opera and took the genre up as well; Many German composers created operas of their own such as Handel |
| What were the opera/musical theater styles in England? | England didn't like Italian Opera, they created the Masque which had Italian opera elements, but was more like a French court ballet rather than opera; They also had two surviving English operas, one being Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell |
| What is prima and seconda pratica (First and Second Practice)? | Invented by the Monteverdi brothers; First practice is 16th century style of polyphony codified by Zarlino; Second practice used by modern Italians and serves to heighten the rhetorical power of the text so music was more free |
| What was the Artusi-Monteverdi debate? | Artusi criticized Monteverdi for breaking the rules in his seconda pratica and Monteverdi responded back arguing that both practice are valid styles of music |
| What was the importance of The Well-Tempered Clavier? | It was a prelude and fugue in every key that used equal-temperament tuning and also had pedagogical motivations |
| What was the importance of Venice for opera? | It was the location of the first public opera house |
| What was the first surviving opera? | L'Euridice by Jacopo Peri |
| What was the ritornello form for concertos? | It was an ABA form developed by Antonio Vivaldi |
| What was the Traite de l'harmoniche? | A theory book written by Jean-Philippe Rameau |
| What was the English oratorio? | A genre created by Hadel; based off the Italian oratorio; contained sacred religious subjects and was like an opera but without staging |
| What are the continuo instruments? | Harpsichord, lute, theorbo, and organ |
| What are the names and order of the German dance suites? | Allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue |
| What was the Florentine Camerata? | A group of poets, scholars, and musicians; they invented opera and monody and liked greek mythology; some members include Galilei, Caccini, and Peri |
| What is Basso continuo? | A system of notation that included numbers under the staff that told the performer what chords they needed to play; accidentals were added to the numbers when non-chord tones were needed |
| What is Monody? | A term used for accompanied solo singing |
| What is the Affections? | The idea that music could inflict certain emotions in the body and soul |
| What is a Cadenza? | A virtuosic passage by a soloist usually at the end of the piece |
| What is a Da capo aria? | ABA form of aria; the words da capo are placed at the end of the second section telling performers to go back to the beginning |
| What are Castrati? | Castrated male singers; They were the most favored performers especially in Rome since women weren't allowed on stage |
| What is a Concertato? | A combination of voices with instruments with NO instruments doubling the voices |
| What is a Recitative secco? | Just continuo |
| What is a Recitativo accompagnato? | Orchestra |
| Who is Monteverdi? | An Italian composer who invented prima and seconda pratica; he only wrote vocal works; most known operas are L'Orfeo, L'Arianna, and L’incoronazione di Poppea |
| Who is Bach? | A German composer; associated with the organ; wrote the Well-Tempered Clavier, St. Matthews and St. Johns passions, and the Little Organ Book |
| Who is Handel? | A German composer; composed Italian and German operas; created English oratorio |
| Who is Vivaldi? | Italian composer; created Ritornello form; wrote the Four Seasons |
| Who is Purcell? | English composer; Wrote Dido and Aeneas |
| Who is Lully? | French composer who created French opera; Armide is one of his operas |
| Who is Strozzi? | A woman Italian composer; supported by her father and patrons; wrote art songs; did not perform in public; Lagrie mie is one of her compositions |
| Who is Schutz? | A German composer; wrote organ and sacred music; Saul, saul is one of his compositions |
| Who composed and what genre is Saul, Saul, was verfolgst du mich | Heinrich Schutz, Sacred Concerto |
| Who composed and what genre is Armide (overture) | Jean-Baptiste Lully, Opera |
| Who composed and what genre is Dido's Lament | Henry Purcell, Aria |
| Who composed and what genre is Lagrime mie | Barbara Strozzi, Cantata |
| Who composed and what genre is Nun komn der Heiden Heiland | Johann Sebastian Bach, Cantata |
| Who composed and what genre is St. Matthews Passion | Johann Sebastian Bach, Passion |
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knaico
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