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Axial Skel Continued
Axial Skeleton Continued- Ch 7 part 3 notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the vertebral column also called? | The spine |
| What is the vertebral column? | 26 irregular bones or vertebrae |
| The vertebral column can be described as… | Flexible and curved |
| What does vertebral column do? | - Provide axial support of the trunk - Transfers weight to legs - Surrounds and protects the spinal cord - Attachment point for ribs and muscles |
| The vertebral column runs from what to what? | Runs from skull to pelvis |
| How many bones are in the vertebral column of a fetus or infant? | 33 |
| What do 9 bones fuse to form? | The sacrum and coccyx |
| What are the 5 divisions of the vertebral column? | 1) cervical: C1-C7 2) thoracic: T1-T12 3) lumbar: L1-L5 4) sacrum- 5 fused bones (forms joints with coxal (hip) bones) 5) coccyx- 4 fused bones (terminus of spine) (tailbone) |
| How does the vertebral column get larger? | By moving down to bear weight |
| What is the S curve of the vertebral column called? | sinusoid |
| What type of curvatures are the cervical and lumbar vertebrae? | Concave (posterior) |
| When is the concave curvature present? | Only present after lifting head and walking begins |
| What type of curvatures are the thoracic and sacral vertebrae? | Convex (anterior) |
| What does the spine function as? | A spring |
| What are the 3 abnormal curvatures of the spine? | Scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis |
| What is scoliosis? | Twisted, found in later childhood and girls |
| What is kyphosis? | Hunchback (thoracic) |
| What is lordosis? | Swayback (lumbar) |
| What are ligaments? | They connect bone to bone |
| What do longitudinal ligaments do? | Prevents too much bending |
| What do short ligaments do? | Connects each vertebrae |
| What are intervertebral discs? | Cushion-like pads (shock absorber) |
| How much of the height of the spinal column is intervertebral discs? | 25 percent |
| What do the intervertebral discs do during the day? | Flatten out |
| What is a herniated disc? | Rupture of the outer protective cover, gelatinous inner nucleus spills out |
| What is the bony thorax composed of? | Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, costal cartilage |
| What is the shape of the bony thorax? | Inverted cone shape |
| What does the bony thorax protect? | Heart, lungs, and great blood vessels |
| What does the bony thorax support? | Shoulder girdle and upper limbs |
| What does the bony thorax serve as? | Attachment for muscles |
| What is between rib spaces? | Intercostal muscles |
| What bones fuse together to form the sternum? | The manubrium, body, and xiphoid |
| What is the manubrium? | Articulates with clavicle (superior) |
| What is the bony? | Medial |
| What is the xiphoid? | Inferior, sword-like, process |
| What type of bone are rib bones? | Flat bone |
| How many pairs of ribs are there? | 12 |
| What are vertebrasternal bones also known as? | True ribs |
| What are vetebrasternal bones? | Superior 7 pairs, attach directly to sternum |
| What are false ribs? | Inferior 5 pairs |
| What are the two types of false ribs? | Vertebrochondral and vertebral ribs |
| What are vetebralchondral ribs? | Attach indirectly to sternum (costal cartilage) (pairs 8-10) |
| What are vetebral ribs? | Floating ribs (back attachment only) (pairs 11-12) |
| Where do ribs increase in length? | 1-7 (true ribs) |
| Where do ribs decrease in length? | 8-12 (False ribs) |
| What 2 bones are not part of the bony thorax? | The clavicle and scapula |
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