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algebraic methods
chapter 7 - algebraic methods
Term | Definition |
---|---|
common factors | when the numerator and denominator are both multiplied by the same term, the common factor can be “cancelled” |
polynomials | a finite termed expression containing natural number indices only |
polynomial division | equivalent to long division, finding a multiple of the divisor that becomes the first term of the dividend, subtracting the difference and repeating the process until there is only the remainder |
the factor theorem | if (ax-b) is a factor of a polynomial function f(x) (f(x)/(ax-b) has a remainder of 0), then f(b/a) = 0 |
mathematical proofs | proofs showcase how a conjecture is true/false. In cases where the conjecture is always true |
proof by deduction | proving a conjecture by starting with already true statements and using them to prove the conjecture |
circular reasoning | when a conjecture is proved by using the conjecture itself (eg proving pythagorean's theorem via trigonometry and using sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1, which is based on pythagorean’s theorem). This does NOT prove the conjecture. |
identities | two expressions which are always true. proven by manipulating one side of the identity until it is exactly the same as the other side |
proof by exhaustion | proving a conjecture by proving every possible case under the conjecture individually |
disproof by counterexample / proof by contrapositive | disproving a conjecture by using a case where the conjecture is false (a contradiction is formed) |