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AP Gov Ch. 4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bill of Attainder | A law declaring an act illegal w/out a judicial trial. |
| Burger Court | Period in Supreme Court history during which Warren Burger served as Chief Justice. |
| Civil Liberties | Personal guarantees & freedoms that the government can't abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation. |
| Civil Rights | Government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals. |
| Clear and Present Danger Test | Test made by the Supreme Court in Schenck v US to draw the line between protected & unprotected speech; Court looks to see "whether the words used" could "create a clear & present danger that they will bring ab substantive evils" that Congress seeks to pr |
| Due Process Rights | Protection drawn from the 4th amendment & the Bill of Rights. Due process may be procedural, ensuring fair treatment or substantive, protecting fundamental rights. |
| Establishment Clause | 1st clause of the 1st amendment; it directs the national government not to sanction an official religion. |
| Exclusionary Rule | Judicially created rule that prohibits police from using illegally seized evidence at trial. |
| Ex Post Facto Law | Law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed. |
| Free Exercise Clause | 2nd clause of the 1st amendment; it prohibits the US government from interfering w/ a citizen's right to practice his or her religion. |
| Incorporation Doctrine | Interpretation of the Constitution holding that the due process clause of the 14th amendment requires state & local governments to guarantee the rights stated in the Bill of Rights. |
| Libel | False written statement that defames a person's character. |
| Prior Restraint | Constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact; generally held to be in violation of the 1st amendment. |
| Selective Incorporation | A judicial doctrine where most, but not all protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the 14th amendment. |
| Slander | Untrue spoken statements that defame the character of a person. |
| Symbolic Speech | Symbols, signs, & other methods of expression generally considered to be protected by the 1st amendment. |
| Warren Court | Period in Supreme Court history during which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice, noted for its many rulings expanding civil liberties and civil rights. |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | Petition requesting that a judge order authorities to prove that a prisoner is being held lawfully & that allows the prisoner to be freed if the government's case doesn't persuade the judge. Habeas Corpus rights imply that prisoners have a right to know w |
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