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Bone Fracture Types
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is yellow bone marrow? | Stores energy as fat (last fat used during starvation) yellow bc of fat content |
What can happen to yellow bone marrow in cases of sever blood loss? | The body can convert yellow back to red |
IO | Intraosseous fluid administration |
What is and why do we use IO? | injecting directly into bone marrow Used when intravenous access is not feasible (patient too small or vessels collapsed) Patient should be anaesthetized |
What is a fracture? | The breakage of a bone |
What are the two major categories of fractures? | 1) simple – contained within skin and soft tissues 2) compound – one that is open to the environment through a wound |
Why is a compound more dangerous? | It is open to the environment so there is a very high risk of infection |
Fissured fracture | Incomplete break Parallel with the bone |
Greenstick fracture | Incomplete break Created by bending force |
Transverse fracture | Complete break Perpendicular with the bone |
Comminuted fracture | Complete break Many bone fragments |
Oblique fracture | Complete break at an angle |
What are the 4 steps of fracture repair? | 1) Hematoma formation 2) Fibrocartilaginous callus formation 3) Bony callus formation 4) Bone remodeling |
Definition of joints: | An articulation between bones or between bones and cartilage and is held in place by ligaments which may or may not allow motion between them. |
How can joints be classified by? | A) degree of movement or B) tissue structure of joint (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) |
What are synovial joints? | Synovial are free moving joints (like hips, knees, etc...) and are the most numerous joint in the body |
Flexion | bending at a joint (elbow |
Extension | straightening or unbending |
Abduction | movement draws body part away from the midline |
Adduction | movement draws body toward the midline |