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AP World Unit 5
Part 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| King Louis XVI | king of France from 1774 to 1792 failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution |
| Maximillien Robespierre | early advocate for the abolition of slavery in the French colonies and spoke out against racial and economic discrimination. |
| Simon Bolivar | general who led the South American rebellion for independence |
| Father Miguel Hidalgo | priest in the town of Dolores, Guanajuato, began to advocate Mexican independence from Spain, rallying the state’s patriots and parish priests in support of the cause. |
| Otto Von Bismark | prime minister of Prussia (1862-73, 1873-90) and founder and first chancellor |
| Camillo Cavour | (1810-1861) The figure who forged the Kingdom of Italy, |
| Guiseppe Garibaldi | Italian general and politician who played a large role in the history of Italy. |
| Father Jose Burgos | Roman Catholic priest who advocated the reform of Spanish rule in the Philippines. |
| Jose Rizal | The Filipino Father of Independence; advocated for reform (as opposed to independence), especially in regards to the Church and education |
| Lola Rodriguez | first Puerto Rican-born woman poet to establish herself a reputation as a great poet throughout all of Latin America. |
| Industrialization | society’s transition away from agrarianism and towards industry and manufacturing. |
| Agricultural Revolution | the deliberate growing of plants and breeding of animals. |
| Enclosure Movement | wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land. |
| Urbanization | the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities. |
| Cottage System v. Factory System | cottage us home based factory is factory based cottage not as good |
| Mass Production | manufacture of many identical products by the division of labor into many small repetitive tasks. |
| Raw Materials | input goods or inventory that a company needs to manufacture its products. |
| Natural Resources | components that exist in the world without the input of humans. |
| American System | 19th-century economic policy known for promoting government-driven economic growth and development in the United States through internal manufacturing and trade. |
| Slater Mill | water-powered spinning mill |
| Trans-Siberian Railroad | the longest single rail system in the world, stretching across Russia between Moscow and Vladivostok |
| Meiji Restoration | goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period. |
| Samuel Slater | early English-American industrialist "Father of the American Industrial Revolution.” |
| Sergei Witte | Russian Finance minister who oversaw Russia experience tremendous industrial growth; reformed commercial law, protected infant industries, |
| Spinning Jenny | multiple-spindle machine for spinning wool or cotton |
| Steam Engine | machine using steam power to perform mechanical work through the agency of heat. |
| Cotton Gin | revolutionary device invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It efficiently separated seeds from cotton fiber, allowing users to produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. |
| Interchangeable Parts | popularized in America when Eli Whitney used them to assemble muskets in the first years of the 19th century |
| Vulcanization | chemical process by which the physical properties of natural or synthetic rubber are improved; finished rubber has higher tensile strength and resistance to swelling and abrasion |
| Bessemer Process | first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron |
| Electricity | it makes things go on |
| James Hargreaves | British carpenter and weaver, invents the spinning jenny. |
| James Watt | Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, born in Greenock, who was renowned for his improvements of the steam engine. |
| Eli Whitney | an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. |
| Michael Faraday | induction of an electric current from a magnetic field. |
| Samuel Morse | American painter, philanthropist, and inventor who developed an electric telegraph |
| Charles Goodyear | American inventor of the vulcanization process that made possible the commercial use of rubber. |
| Henry Bessemer | inventor and engineer who developed the first process for manufacturing steel inexpensively (1856), leading to the development of the Bessemer converter. He was knighted in 1879. inventor and engineer who developed the first process for manufacturing ste |
| Electromagnetism | science of charge and of the forces and fields associated with charge. Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of electromagnetism. |
| Assembly Line | an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product |
| Internal Combustion Engine | an engine that generates motive power by the burning of gasoline, oil, or other fuel with air inside the engine, |
| Radio | key lifeline of information for the masses in the years of World War II |
| Telephone | geographic distance eliminated; people could communicate faster and much easier; |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were the invention of the telephone |
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