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AP CSP U1 Test
AP Computer Science Principles Unit 1 test review from study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do computing devices represent data? | In binary format, using base-2 numbers 0 and 1. |
| Define "bit". | Also meaning "binary digit", the smallest unit of information used in computers, a 0 or a 1 |
| How do you convert a binary number to a decimal number? | Place value on the right is equal to 2^0, as you go left the value increases e.g. 2^1, 2^2, etc. Add the numbers that are represented as 1 in binary to create the decimal number. The Flippy-Do helps here. E.g 0010 = 2, 1101 = 13 |
| How do you convert a decimal number to a binary number? | Flippy-Do is useful here. Switch bits to 1 in the correct place value order to add up to the decimal value. E.g. 10 = 1010, 11 = 1011 |
| How many total numbers can be represented with n amount of bits? | 2^n numbers. E.g. 4 bits = 2^4 = 16 numbers. Remember, 0 counts as a number. |
| Is it possible to represent any number, no matter how large or small, using a fixed amount of bits? | In the binary system, it is possible to represent every number. The number of bits needed may change based on the size of the number. |
| Define "overflow error". | An error that occurs when a computer attempts to represent a number larger than possible with a certain about of bits. |
| Define "round-off error". | An error that occurs when a number is too precise to be stored. |
| With n bits, how do you determine the point in which an overflow error occurs? | With n bits, an overflow error occurs at 2^n. E.g., one byte can store up to 255. After this, another bit is needed. |
| Define "abstraction". | The obscuring of details allowing programmers to solve problems at a higher level. E.g. most programmers do not code in 1s and 0s, they instead write for a compiler or interpreter. |
| What is the difference between analog data and digital data? | Analog data can store continuously changing values, like music or the colors in a painting. Digital data can store discrete values, like a light switch being on or off. |
| What is the difference between lossless compression and lossy compression? | Lossless compression works in a way that the original data can be retrieved from the compressed data. Lossy compression discards some information, resulting in the inability to regain the original from the compressed version. |
| Which is better at REDUCING the size of data, lossless or lossy compression? | Lossy compression. |
| Which type of compression is suitable for the following situation? An author writing a letter to a reader, sent via email. | Lossless. Lossy compression is not suitable in this situation, as some text may be lost. |
| Which type of compression is suitable for the following situation? A 4k video file intended to be uploaded to a video sharing service. | Lossy. Many of the details in a high resolution video are difficult to perceive for the average computer user. |
| Which type of compression is suitable for the following situation? A new artist is distributing their new album on CDs. | Lossless. Music that is stored with lossy compression has a noticeable impact on audio quality. |
| What is the goal of Creative Commons? | Creative Commons writes copyright licenses that allow creators to allow others to use, share, and sometimes alter with reduced barriers. |
| Define "open source". | Programs that are freely available and may be modified or redistributed. |
| Define "open access". | Online research that is free of restrictions to access and use. |
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