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What is Reconstruction?
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History Ch 22
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is Reconstruction? | the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union. |
| What is Thirteenth Amendment? | A change to the constitution ratified in 1865, abolishing slavery in the United States. Provide guarantied of freedom to freedmen. |
| What is Freedmen’s Bureau? | An agency established by Congress at the end of the Civil War to help and protect newly freed black Americans |
| What is Black codes? | Laws passed in the South during and after the Civil War to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans. |
| What is Civil rights? | The rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all people as citizens, especially equal treatment under the law. |
| What is Fourteenth Amendment? | A change to the constitution that declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws. |
| Why did Congress pass the Fourteenth Amendment? | to protect the rights of former slaves after the Civil War. |
| What is Fifteenth Amendment? | A change to the Constitution declaring that states cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race or color or because the person was once a slave. |
| What is Jim Crow laws? | Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites in the south after the Civil War |
| What is Freedman? | Former slaves |
| What were President Johnson’s two major aims for Reconstruction? | Southern states would have to make new governments that were loyal to the Union and slavery had to be abolished once and for all. |
| Who established the Freedmen’s Bureau? | Congress |
| What was the purpose of Freedmen’s Bureau? | Protect the newly freed black Americans |
| List three activities of the bureau that helped it carry out its purpose | * Providing food, education and medical care to blacks and whites * Providing to slaves good working conditions * Providing land to freedmen |
| How new Southern state governments limited African Americans ? | Passing new laws to control the former slaves (Black codes) |
| List the 3 purposes of black codes | * Limit the rights of freedmen (Marry, property, work, to sue in court), * To help planters to replace their slaves * To keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the south |
| How did the Radical Republicans’ aim for Reconstruction differ from President Johnson’s? | They wanted the federal government to take more active role for restoring southern governments and they wanted freedmen to be granted full rights of citizenship. |
| What two new laws passed by Congress helped them achieve The Republicans’ goals? | The laws were to extend the life of freedmen bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866. |
| What is Sharecropping? | Planter owners divided the land into small plots to rent it to individual tenant farmers. |
| How was the Relationship between Congress and President Johnson during presidential Reconstruction | Bad because the president opposes the Congress |
| Why did the House of Representatives impeach President Johnson? | He was impeached because he fired an official that was protected by the Tenure of Office Act |
| What was the outcome of the impeachment trial | The House felt he had brought the office of president disgrace, he was spared removal from office by 1 vote. |
| Why did many sharecroppers end up in poverty and debt | Many sharecroppers had to borrow money from planters to buy the food, seeds, tools, and supplies they needed to survive until harvest. Few ever earned enough from their crops to pay back what they owed. |
| Who was banned by Congress from voting | Former confederates |
| Who were the three groups of new voters in the South? | Freedman, white southerners who opposed the war and Northerners that moved to the south. |
| What was the largest group of new voters | African Americans. |
| What important lesson did Republicans learn in the 1868 presidential election of Ulysses S. Grant | They learned to keep control of the White House they needed African Americans votes. |
| Changes with the Fifteenth Amendment | states cannot deny anymore the right to vote because of race of color. |
| Changes with New State Constitutions | * Guarantee to vote to every adult male * Ended imprisonment for debt * First public school |
| Changes with New State Governments | * Ratified the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments * Rebuilding roads, bridges and railroads * Built Schools and hospitals |
| Changes with African Americans in Office | * New officeholders were African Americans * African Americans participated in Congress |
| Aspects of the development and effects of violence against African Americans in the South | * Whites formed secret societies to drive African Americans out of political life * Southern Democrats tried to use legal means to keep blacks from voting or taking office. * Creation of the Ku Klux Klan the most infamous group against African Americans * African Americans that not heed the threats were feathered and even murdered. |
| What was the dispute in the presidential election of 1876? | In the presidential election of 1876, some states couldn't agree on who won, so there was a big argument. |
| How was resolved the dispute in the presidential election of 1876? | They worked out a deal called the Compromise of 1877, and Rutherford B. Hayes became the president |
| How did the 1876 election affect African Americans in the South? | They implemented discriminatory Jim Crow laws that negatively affected the rights and freedoms of African Americans. |
| How reconstruction reverse in Education | African American lost the right of education |
| How reconstruction reverse in Voting rights | African Americans lost the right to vote |
| How reconstruction reverse with discrimination | Many forms of discriminations started with Jim Crow laws and with the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson |
| How reconstruction reverse with Segregation | They protested and many African Americans responded to segregation by leaving the south |
| What was Plessy v. Ferguson | It was a Supreme Court’s decision over homer Plessy case who was arrested for refusing to obey a Jim Crow law |
| Results of Plessy v. Ferguson | * Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the "separate but equal" doctrine. * The ruling upheld state segregation laws as constitutional. * It allowed segregation as long as the separate facilities were considered equal in quality. |
| Factors that Pushed African Americans out of the South after Reconstruction | * Violence and Intimidation * Jim Crow Laws * limited access to education and job opportunities |
| Factors that Pulled African Americans to the North after Reconstruction | * Better opportunities * Fairer laws * less violence and discrimination, so families felt more comfortable |
Created by:
marcelarainoff