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Music Notes Q3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the rule for placing Soprano, Alto and Tenor voices? | S and A & A and T can't be over an octabe apart |
| What is the rule for placing Tenor and Bass voices? | They can be as far apart as you wante |
| Approximate range for a Soprano | A3 - G5 |
| Approximate range for an Alto | G3 - C5 |
| Approximate range for a Tenor | B2 - G4 |
| Approximate range for a Bass | C2 - wherever I guess |
| What are the two types of Authentic Cadence? | Perfect and Imperfect |
| What are the requirements for a PAC? | V & I must be in root position Bass goes ^5->^1 Soprano must double root in tonic Penultimate chord - soprano must have leading tone to it resolves up tendency tones resolve |
| What are the requirements for an IAC? | Not a PAC |
| Why is I6/4 to V to I a super common cadential device? | 2nd inversion is super unstable. It sounds suspended and not like a tonic function. |
| What is a non chord tone? | A tone not in a chord. What's officially in the chord is much for restricted for this era than for contemporary music. Can be chromatic. Anything outside of triads or 7th chords. |
| How do you analyze non chord tones? | You put them in parentheses and label with type. |
| What is a neighbor tone? | n.t. - connect two of same pitch by step. upper or lower |
| What is a passing tone? | p.t. - connecting chord tones separated by a third |
| What is a neighbor (tone) group? | upper and lower n.t. |
| What is an appoggiatura? | app. Chord tone -> leap to a dissonant non chord tone -? step to consonant tone. typically a recovery |
| What is an escape tone? | opposite of appoggiatura - chord tone -> step to dissonant tone -> leap to consonant tone |
| What is a double passing tone? | Same as a passing tone but more than a third |
| What is a recovery? | a step in the opposite direction of the leap (like in an appoggiatura) |
| What are "metric" chord tones | have to do with rhythm instead of pitch like the other non-chord tones |
| What is anticipation? | Ant. playing a note from a subsequent chord before you're supposed to |
| What do suspension and retardation have in common? | They are both hanging onto a note from the previous chord "too long." Anything where you're delaying resolution |
| How are suspension and retardation different? | Sus. resolves down and ret. resolves up |
| What is pedal point (pedal tone)? | constant tone that goes under other voices (typically bass). other voices could go through a whole chord progression. pedal tone goes from consonant->dissonant->consonant. can be tied or played repeatedly. Only applies if it's not part of all the chords |
| What does rearticulated mean with suspension & retardation? | The note from the previous chord is struck again with the new chord, not just tied |
| What makes a tone accented? | depends on it it's a strong or weak beat OR if it's held for long enough that it still pulls your attention to it |
| What is the people's key? | C major |
| What is the devil's interval? | Augmented fourth |
| Where do the fiendish five come from? | Commandments of voice leading. Guidelines based on typical practices from the era of music we're studying. |
| What is the first commandment? | avoid parallel fifths, octaves, & unisons. (two parts sing the same interval from chord to chord) |
| What is the exception to the first commandment? | One of the fifths is not perfect |
| What is the second commandment? | avoid fifths or octaves by contrary motion (because it's too strong) Ex: starting in a 5 or 8 -> jump in opposite directions and end in 5 or 8 |
| What is the exception to the second commandment? | at a cadence |
| What is the third commandment? | avoid direct fifths or octaves ("hidden" fifths or octaves) |
| What is a hidden fifth or octave? | soprano leaps, bass moves in same direction, and the goal/resultant interval is a perfect fifth or octave |
| What is the fourth commandment? | must use accidental to raise leading tone in minor keys. no v or VII |
| What is the fifth commandment? | always resolve tendency tones (^7 & chordal 7ths) |
| What do the types of motion do? | describe how voices move from chord to chord |
| What is static motion? | no voice is moving up or down (there's still rhythm tho obvi) |
| What is parallel motion? | both voices move in same direction & interval class (quality may change) |
| What is contrary motion? | One voice moves up, and the other moves down. Both change pitch. |
| One type of motion is one of the best ways to avoid voice leading no nos? | contrary motion |
| What is oblique motion? | one voice restates the same pitch while the other voice moves up and/or down |
| Which type of motion is super common when you see pedal point? | oblique motion |
| What is similar motion? | both voices move in the same direction BUT intervals are different classes (unlike parallel motion) |
| What is texture in music? | texture is the way harmonies, melodies, rhythms, and timbre relate to create the overall effect of a piece of music. |
| What are the four common types of texture? | monophony, polyphony, homophony, heterophony |
| What was Micah's nickname in middle school? | Flamboyant jazz |
| What is monophonic texture? | only a single melody line. |
| What is unison? | more than one musician playing the same melody together |
| What is polyphonic texture? | two or more independent melody lines. more than one main idea. |
| What is homophonic texture? | texture consists of a primary melody line with accompaniment. various accompaniment types possible |
| What is homorhythmic accompaniment? | accompaniment has the same basic rhythm as the melody. slight variation is okay (like passing tones) |
| What is chorale texture? | another word for homorhythmic accompaniment |
| What is blocked chord accompaniment? | "blocked chords." state notes of each chord simultaneously using a repeated rhythmic pattern |
| Where is blocked chord accompaniment common? | waltzes, polkas, pop music |
| What is arpeggiated accompaniment? | chord tones played one after the other |
| What is the opposite of blocked chord accompaniment? | arpeggiated accompaniment |
| What is alberty bass? | low->high->middle->high - type of arpeggiation |
| What is broken chord style? | type of arpeggiation - low->high or high->low |
| What is heterophonic texture? | multiple performers singing/playing the same (or subtly different) melody at once, but adding personal variations |
| Where is heterophony common and not common? | Music from India and Africa. Some types of Jazz. Not super common in Western music. |
| What is another term for secondary harmony? | borrowed harmony |
| What is secondary harmony? | chords from closely related keys appearing |
| How did secondary harmony start? | one occassional chord enhancing the original key |
| What is secondary harmony used for? | prep for a key change, mix things up, emphasize parts of the key we're in, elongate progression, step briefly into another key area |
| How does secondary harmony emphasize a part of the key we're in? | Example: chords from dominant chord's key signature emphasize the dominant chord. This makes the shift back to tonic more profound. |
| What does modulate mean? | change keys |
| What is a pivot chord? | one chord and boom you're in a new key |
| What is direct modulation? | key changes with no warning |
| What is a clue of secondary harmony? | accidentals |
| What are closely related keys? | directly next to each other on the circle of fifths |
| Why isn't secondary harmony used with keys that aren't closely related? | The further apart on the circle of fifths, the less notes in common, and the harder it is to sneak in harmony |
| What is secondary dominance? | dominant chords from a secondary area of harmony |
| What is the difference between 18th century and contemporary music regarding secondary harmony? | Music now is tonally ambiguous, but music then was very key specific. So secondary harmony isn't used as much or isn't as big a deal now. |
| What does V/V mean? | secondary dominance. First V is the chord, second V is the key. C: V/V = V chord of G key signature (D chord). It always has you adding a leading tone. |
| What is usually on the left side of this - ?/? | V or vii |
| What is usually on the righ side of this - ?/? | whatever part of key you're trying to emphasize |
| Cadential extension?? | changes cadence from 2 chords to 3 chords. multiple types |
| What is a cadential 64? | Just a I 64 but not labeled as such and not actually |
| What does the cadential 64 enhance? | V chord. The cadential 64 is part of dominant function. I 64 is the most unstable version of I. 5^ is in bass (enhancing V) |
| How to label cadential 64? | C64, Cad64, V64----53 |
| Does a cadential 64 have to be part of a perfect authentic cadence? | no |
| ostinato | continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm |
| hemiola | 3:2 back and forth rhythmic thing. in 3 or 2 but all of a sudden playing like it's in the other one. can go either way. |
| passing 6/4 | usually a tonicization. For example, I -> 6/4 -> I |
| arpeggiated 6/4 | one chord, 6/4 is created by changing in bass |
| pedal 6/4 | common in plagal cadences |
| sequence | play same little melody piece, but up or down a step or leap |
Created by:
mortehay000
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