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Unit 2 Chapter 22
Smartbook-The Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| More than half of the body's blood platelets are made by megakaryocytes in the Blank______. | lungs |
| Which is another word for nostrils? | Nares |
| The auditory tubes open in the Blank______. | nasopharynx |
| The Blank______ is the main structure located between the laryngopharynx and the trachea. | larynx |
| Which structure conducts air from the larynx to the primary bronchi? | Trachea |
| The system that supplies the body with oxygen and expels carbon dioxide by the rhythmic intake and expulsion of air is the Blank______ system. | respiratory |
| Which aspect of the lung is known as the apex? | Superior |
| Which two terms describe the anterior openings of the nasal cavity? | Nostrils Nares |
| How many lobes make up the right lung? | 3 Superior, middle and inferior |
| Which is the portion of the pharynx found superior to the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity? | Nasopharynx |
| The names of the secondary bronchi of the right lung are Blank______. | superior, middle, and inferior |
| Besides keeping food out of the airway, the larynx is also responsible for which of the following? Absorbing oxygen Producing speech Detecting odors Filtering the air | Producing speech |
| A main bronchus is also called which of the following? | Primary bronchus |
| How many C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage make up the trachea? | 16 to 20 |
| Name the lobes of the human left lung. | Superior and inferior |
| The Blank______ of the lung is the broad concave surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm. | base |
| The ________ lung has three lobes and two fissures. | right |
| Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one tertiary bronchus? | Bronchopulmonary segment |
| The right lung has how many secondary bronchi? | Three |
| Aspirated objects that enter the trachea are more likely to lodge in which primary bronchus? Right Left | Right ;The left primary bronchus is narrower and more horizontal than the right primary bronchus. Foreign objects are less likely to lodge in this bronchus. |
| What is the serous membrane that encloses each lung? | Pleura |
| The lung that contains only two lobes is the __________ lung. | left |
| Movement of air out of the lungs is called Blank______. | expiration |
| The Blank______ of the lung is the rounded superior peak of the lung. | apex ;The base is the broad concave surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm. The rounded superior peak of the lung is called the apex. |
| Which two muscles (or muscle groups) are primarily responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration? | Intercostals Diaphragm |
| Tertiary bronchi are also called Blank______ bronchi. | segmental |
| Choose all the locations that contain the brainstem respiratory centers. Corpora quadrigemina Medulla oblongata Pons Fornix | Medulla oblongata Pons |
| The names of the secondary bronchi of the right lung are Blank______. | superior, middle, and inferior |
| Atmospheric pressure is also known as which of the following? | Barometric pressure |
| The pleurae are which type of membrane? | Serous |
| During inspiration, what is happening to the ribs? | They are swinging up. |
| Breathing consists of a repetitive cycle of inspiration and _________ | Expiration |
| Which term refers to the conducting zones of the respiratory system because they are incapable of gas exchange? | Anatomical dead space |
| Which muscle (or muscle group) is the prime mover of respiration, producing about two-thirds of pulmonary airflow? | Diaphragm |
| The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a respiratory cycle is called the _______ volume. | tidal |
| What structure of the medulla oblongata and pons contain respiratory centers? | Reticular formation |
| Which term refers to relaxed, quiet breathing? | Eupnea |
| Which term refers to the cessation of breathing | Apnea |
| Which term refers to active breathing? | Hyperpnea |
| Which term refers to a rapid form of breathing? | Tachypnea |
| True or False: When the diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops. | True ;When lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops. This will pull air into the lungs. |
| About what percentage of atmospheric air is made up of oxygen? | 21% |
| Why do the lungs expand along with the thoracic cage during inspiration? | The cohesion of water causes the visceral pleura to cling to the parietal pleura. |
| Which best defines alveolar gas exchange? | Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane |
| True or False: The volume of anatomical dead space cannot be changed and does not vary with circumstances within a given individual. | False ;The anatomical dead space is the total volume of the conducting airways, where gas exchange does not occur. This volume can change. |
| How many oxygen molecules are bound to a fully loaded hemoglobin molecule? | 4 |
| Which term refers to the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one cycle of quiet breathing? | Tidal volume |
| Where does systemic gas exchange occur? | At the capillary networks of the tissues |
| Irritants in the lower respiratory system may stimulate which of the following? | Coughing |
| What happens to free carbon dioxide from blood that diffuses into alveoli? | It is exhaled. |
| Which gas has the greatest partial pressure in inspired air? | Nitrogen |
| Which best summarizes the Bohr effect? | The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity. |
| Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane? | Alveolar gas exchange |
| A blood pH of 7.1 would be called Blank______. | acidosis ;Any blood pH below 7.35 is considered acidosis. Alkalosis is when the acid-base imbalance of the blood pH is higher than 7.45. |
| What does oxygen bind to in the hemoglobin molecule? | The heme group |
| Insufficient oxygen levels in a tissue is called | Hypoxia |
| Which term refers to the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the capillary networks between the blood and the body's cells? | Systemic gas exchange |
| Oxygen loading in the lungs decreases hemoglobin's affinity for H+. How does this promote alveolar gas exchange? | The released H+ combines with HCO3- to form free CO2, which can diffuse out of the blood. |
| Select two examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the list below. | Chronic bronchitis Emphysema |
| Match each type of lung cancer to its description. Squamous-cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Small-cell carcinoma | Originates in the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium Originates in the mucous glands of the lamina propria Originates in the main bronchi but invades the mediastinum and metastasizes quickly |
| Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is lower than 7.35? | Acidosis |
| Which type of hypoxia can be caused by decreased oxygen availability at high altitudes or by drowning? | Hypoxemic |
| In systemic gas exchange, carbon dioxide loading releases what in the erythrocyte? | Hydrogen ions |
| COPDs are almost always caused by Blank______. | cigarette smoke |
| Which is the most common form of lung cancer? | Squamous-cell carcinoma |
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