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Bio P3, Evolution
Bio P3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| K-T boundary | boundary, marks extinction of dinosaurs, Splits cretaceous period with tertiary periods |
| Half-life | the time it takes for one-half of a radioactive element to decay into a daughter isotope |
| Paleontology | the study of ancient life |
| Morphology | the study of the forms of things |
| Biogeography | the study of the patterns of geographic distribution of organisms |
| Embryology | the study of the formation and development of an embryo/fetus |
| Biochemistry | the chemical processes related to living organisms |
| Fossils | the preserved remains of plants and animals |
| Endemic species | species that only exist in one geographic religion |
| Pseudogenes | nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes |
| Describe 3 examples of fossils | bones (dinosaurs), shells, (ammonites) and exoskeletons (trilobites) |
| Describe the steps of fossil formation | organism dies, remains buried by sediment, then permineralization happens after its buried since its exposed to mineral-rich water that moves through the sediment. This water will deposit minerals into empty spaces, producing a fossil. |
| What do homologous structures on organisms suggest? | that they share a common ancestor |
| Name 3 vestigial structures on humans | wisdom teeth, tonsils, & tailbone |
| Describe what happened with the peppered moths in Great Britain during the industrial revolution | pollution caused tree trunks to be darker. this caused white moths to be more visible to predators whereas dark moths not so much, causing the white moths to slowly die off whereas the dark moths flourished. |
| Describe 3 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiont theory | Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have circular DNA, ribosomes, and reproduce by fission. |
| Describe the different types of fossils | Body fossils (bones), petrified fossils (petrified wood), carbonization fossils (leaf impressions), amber fossils (insects in amber), frozen fossils (woolly mammoths) |
| What types of evidence exist to support evolution? | Homologous structures, vestigial structures, analogous structures, similarities in embryology, similar dna sequences |
| Why is the fossil record incomplete? | Most organisms were decomposed/eaten, lacked parts to be fossilized, & some fossils have eroded & disappeared |
| Describe how relative dating works. | uses specific rock layers to determine age of fossil |
| Describe how radiometric dating works. | measures the amount of radioactive material left in a sample and compares it to the amount of decay product (half-lifes) |
| How does Carbon dating work? | living organism absorb carbon-14 into their tissue. When they die, the carbon-14 starts decaying. Scientists can estimate how long the organism has been dead by counting the remaining carbon-14 atoms. |
| Explain the role of transitional fossils in providing evidence for evolution. | link ancestral species to their descendants |
| Explain the differences between homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures | homologous structures = suggest evidence of common ancestry (divergent evolution) analogous structres = evolved independently due to serving similar purposes (convergent evolution) vestigial structures = no use 2 organism (divergent evolution) |
| Describe how biogeography and embryology provide evidence of evolution | embryology shows similarities in embryo development, suggesting common ancestry among vertebrates. biogeography follows patterns that are best explained by evolution, in combination with the movement of tectonic plates over geological time. |
| List the two macromolecules that provide evidence for evolution in the field of biochemistry. | DNA & proteins |
| Describe an example from direct observation in the last century that has provided evidence for evolution. | peppered moths, mosquitos resistant to pesticides, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria |
| When is it best to use Uranium rather than Carbon-14 for radioactive dating? | Carbon–14 is more useful in analyzing younger fossils and Uranium–238 is more useful for older fossils. this is because it takes much longer for unstable Uranium isotopes to decay |
| During one of Darwin's voyages, he found fossilized seashells in sedimentary rock high up on a mountain. What has likely happened during the history of the mountain? | The mountain was under the ocean, & movement of tectonic plates in the Earth caused the land to bulge into a mountain. |
| The half-life of carbon-14 is 5770 years. What fraction of Carbon-14 will remain in the fossil of an organism that died 23,080 years ago? | 1/16 |
Created by:
jewlsasterr