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MUS101 Test 2

The Middle Ages and Renaissance

Question	Answer
A fixed pattern of long and short notes that is repeated or varied is known as	a rhythmic mode.
Composers from ________ were at the forefront of musical composition.	the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris
Composers of organum based their pieces on	preexisting Gregorian chants.
Which term describes the texture of two or more melodies performed at the same time?	polyphony
The text setting of Gaude Maria virgo is	highly melismatic.
Gaude Maria virgo is performed	a cappella.
Gaude Maria virgo is sung in	Latin.
Musical notation of polyphony allowed for more detail and control over the musical texture.	True
Organum grew out of the improvisatory custom of	adding a second voice to a Gregorian melody.
Pérotin’s organum	increased the number of voices to three and then to four.
Polyphony was universally accepted in medieval religious communities.	False
Polyphony was utilized to enhance worship on the most significant feast days in the church year.	True
Singing polyphony required specialized singers.	True
The compilation of early polyphony is the	Great Book of Organum.
The earliest polyphonic music is called	organum.
The first type of polyphony was Gregorian chant.	False
The performance of Gaude Maria virgo is typical of the genre in that it is sung antiphonally. What does antiphonal mean?	a performance style that alternates between two groups
What was the single most important feature in the development of Western music?	polyphony
Which of the following is a true statement?	Léonin is the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?	Notated polyphony emerged at the end of the Renaissance.
Which statement regarding polyphony in the Middle Ages is NOT true?	Polyphonic music was sung by the church congregation.
Which voice in organum carries the original chant in sustained notes?	the lower voice
Who was Léonin’s successor?	Pérotin
Who was the first leader of the Notre Dame School?	Léonin
______ is credited with compiling the Magnus liber organi.	Léonin
After the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, ______ writings were brought to Europe in increasing numbers.	ancient Greek and Roman
During the Middle Ages, all power came from which religious organization?	The Roman Catholic Church
Our understanding of the musical culture of ancient civilizations is limited by the small number of fragments of music that have survived.	True
In regards to the troubadours and trouvères, which of the following statements is NOT true?	They wrote sacred music.
During the Renaissance, lands new to the Europeans were discovered, including	the Americas.
Which is true of trade during the Middle Ages?	Musicians and their works moved along trade routes.
Which of the following is a true statement?	The influence of European musical styles surpasses that of any of its languages or religions.
Which of the following is a true statement?	During the Renaissance printed music became available and music literacy spread.
Medieval and Renaissance musicians could find employment in which of the following professions?	All possible answers. instrument building teaching copyists
Music as a commodity means that music	All possible answers. taught and learned bought and sold is preserved
One of the major advancements in the Renaissance was the invention of printing, pioneered by	Johannes Gutenberg.
Which is a true statement regarding early music performances of medieval and Renaissance music?	Many aspects of early music performance are open to speculation.
The Middle East had no influence on European musical styles.	False
The Renaissance marks the passing of European society from a predominately secular society to a more sacred one.	False
The beginning of the Middle Ages was marked by the	fall of the Roman Empire.
The literature of ancient Greece and Rome was of little interest to artists and writers of the Renaissance.	False
The most universally idealized woman in Western culture during the Middle Ages was	the Virgin Mary.
Two of the earliest named composers of organum from the Notre Dame Cathedral were Léonin and	Pérotin.
Which did not occur in the later Middle Ages?	introduction of printing
Which is a true statement regarding early music notation?	Tempo and dynamic markings were absent.
Which of the following statements is true of paintings and sculpture from the Renaissance?	All statements are true. Painters explored the beauties of nature. Painters and sculptors studied the nude human form as a thing of beauty. The laws of perspective were applied to paintings.
Which statement regarding music notation is true?	Western music notation was invented to further the goals of Christian worship.
Who of the following was a Renaissance visual artist?	Leonardo da Vinci
Who were the most prominent performers of secular music in medieval France?	troubadours and trouvères
Women musicians in the Renaissance earned their living as	court singers
During the later Middle Ages, polyphonic developments in sacred music carried over to the secular realm.	True
Music, mathematics, geometry, and astronomy were the four topics considered essential to medieval	education
How does Machaut convey the medieval fascination for puzzles in Ma fin est mon commencement?	palindromic structure
In the Western tradition, music historically has not been linked to mathematics and geometry.	False
In which poetic form is Machaut’s chanson Ma fin est mon commencement set?	rondeau
European contacts with _______ inspired new concepts of art.	Eastern cultures
Which secular medieval musicians entertained audiences at the higher social levels?	troubadours
Machaut was the first composer self-consciously to attempt a compositional legacy.	True
Machaut’s own poetry often centers on the idea of	medieval chivalry.
The Ars nova began in Italy around the early 1400s.	False
The Ars nova ushered in developments in ______ that transformed the art of music.	All possible answers. harmony rhythm meter
The poems of the troubadour and trouvère repertory include	All possible answers. laments political and moral ditties love songs centered on the idea of "unrequited love."
The poet-musicians who flourished in the south of France were known as	troubadours
There was an interest in both the regularity and complexity of musical patterns during the Ars nova.	True
Trouvères, medieval poet-musicians from the northern region of France, were members of	the upper classes and the aristocracy.
What is the genre of Machaut’s Ma fin est mon commencement?	polyphonic secular chanson
What was the period that immediately preceded the Ars nova called?	Ars antiqua
Where did Machaut work as a priest?	Reims Cathedral
Which is a true statement regarding Machaut’s songs?	Machaut set his chansons to French courtly love poems.
Which musical style appeared in the early 1300s in France and soon thereafter in Italy?	Ars nova
Which of the following is/are poetic forms used in medieval chansons?	All possible answers. ballade rondeau virelai
Which of the following topics might be found in medieval lyrics?	All possible answers songs of the Crusades politics unrequited love
Which statement about Machaut is NOT true?	He was an influential composer of the Ars antiqua style.
Who of the following was NOT a medieval writer/poet?	Pythagoras
________ mean(s) "finders" or "inventors."	Troubadours and trouvères both
An unexpected harsh dissonance coinciding with the word "death" is an example of	word-painting
At which point in the text of Fair Phyllis does the work change to an imitative texture?	"Up and down he wandered"
Both Italian and English madrigals often feature word-painting.	True
Farmer "paints" the first line of the text, "Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone," through the use of	monophony
Farmer’s Fair Phyllis is written for _____ voices.	four
In addition to the Italian madrigal, what other genre arose from the union of poetry and music during the Renaissance?	French chanson
In madrigal poetry, references to death	were erotic
In which country did Monteverdi live and work?	Italy
Which musical trait does NOT apply to Monteverdi’s madrigals?	simple vocal style
Monteverdi emphasizes the last line of the poem in the madrigal Si ch’io vorrei morire by not repeating it.	False
Monteverdi uses word-painting to portray the images found in the poetry for his madrigal Si ch’io vorrei morire.	True
Monteverdi’s Si ch’io vorrei morire is sung in	Italian
Which describes the performing forces of Monteverdi’s Si ch’io vorrei morire?	5-voice a cappella group
Which of the following instruments was likely found in prosperous homes during the Renaissance?	lute
Sometimes humorous madrigals would have a refrain of syllables such as "fa la la."	True
In regards to typical English madrigals, which statement is true?	All statements are true. They often have pastoral texts. They often have lively rhythms. The texts are often humorous.
In which of the following ways did Renaissance composers enhance the emotional content of madrigals?	through the use of madrigalisms
The English madrigal preceded the development of the Italian madrigal by some one hundred years.	False
The chief concern of the early madrigalists was to give pleasure to the amateur performer.	True
The mood of Farmer’s madrigal Fair Phyllis is	light and pastoral.
The text of John Farmer’s Fair Phyllis refers to real historical figures.	False
Where did the madrigal first emerge as an important genre?	Italian courts at the beginning of the 1500s
Which of the following relate(s) to the genre of madrigal?	All possible answers. direct expression of a composer’s musical personality aristocratic form of poetry and music most important secular genre of the Renaissance
Who of the following composers was influential in the later Italian madrigal tradition?	Claudio Monteverdi
_______ claimed "the text should be the master of the music, not the servant."	Claudio Monteverdi
Composers in the Renaissance often used ________ in one voice as a basis for elaborate ornamentation in other voices.	a cantus firmus
Despite being of northern European birth, Josquin spent most of his career in	Italy.
How does Josquin create musical contrast in the final two lines of the text, "O Mater Dei, memento mei"?	All possible answers. by using a full-chord sound by using a homorhythmic texture by using long note values
Humanism was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman cultures.	True
In which language is the text of Josquin’s motet written?	Latin
Josquin’s Ave Maria...virgo serena incorporates an older Gregorian chant	only briefly at the beginning.
One of the most popular subjects of the sacred Renaissance motet was the Virgin Mary.	True
Which of the following statements about religion during the Renaissance is NOT true?	The Renaissance was an age of unquestioning faith.
Renaissance music generally featured consonant harmonies.	True
Renaissance sacred music was generally performed with instruments.	False
The Renaissance marks the passing of European society from a predominantly ______ to a more ______ one.	sacred; secular
The ________ is regarded as the golden age of the a cappella style.	sixteenth century
The art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome was of little interest to artists and writers in the Renaissance.	False
The following statements are true about Josquin’s motet EXCEPT which one?	each voice sings a different text in praise of the Virgin Mary.
The multivoiced sacred music of the Renaissance was sung by	trained male singers.
The predominant texture in Josquin’s motet Ave Maria...virgo serena is	imitative polyphony.
The text of Josquin’s motet Ave Maria...virgo serena praises the virtues of	the Virgin Mary.
The use of a fixed melody in one voice was a compositional technique found in sacred Renaissance motets.	True
What is a cantus firmus?	preexisting melody
Which describes harmony in Renaissance music?	All possible answers. fuller chords "sweeter" thirds and sixths carefully controlled dissonance
Which does NOT apply to Renaissance liturgical music?	abandonment of Gregorian chant
Which does NOT describe a Renaissance motet?	a polyphonic secular work
Which does not describe a humanist outlook?	Unquestioning faith and mysticism.
Which meter did medieval musicians find especially attractive because it symbolized the perfection of the Trinity?	triple
Which of the following is NOT typical of the Renaissance motet?	monophonic texture and sung in the vernacular
During the Renaissance, the Mass was recited and sung in the vernacular (the language of the people).	False
How many voice parts are required to sing the Pope Marcellus Mass?	six
In the Catholic Mass, the parts that change according to the day belong to the	Proper
Martin Luther and John Calvin believed	congregational singing in the vernacular should be the basis of Christian worship
Martin Luther and _______ were both important religious reformers during the Protestant Reformation.	John Calvin
Palestrina was choirmaster at which Italian church?	St. Peter’s in Rome
Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass reflects the Catholic Church’s belief that heavenly sounds produced by trained professionals would be more spiritually powerful than the rough song of an untrained congregation.	True
Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass was likely performed	a cappella.
Renaissance composers concentrated on the Ordinary for their musical settings of the Catholic Mass.	True
Some cardinals in the Council of Trent advocated for abolishing polyphony altogether and returning to Gregorian chant.	True
The Catholic Church’s effort during the early sixteenth century to recapture the loyalty of its followers through a return to true Christian piety is known as the	Counter-Reformation.
The Gloria from Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass belongs to the Proper (the variable part of the Mass celebration).	False
The Protestant Reformation was started by	Martin Luther.
The harmony of the Gloria from Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is best described as full and consonant.	True
The sixteenth century has come to be regarded as the golden age of the ______ style.	a cappella
The text of the Gloria in Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is easily understood, due largely to its syllabic nature and Palestrina’s frequent use of homorhythm.	True
What are the Ninety-Five Theses?	A list of reforms Martin Luther proposed for the practices of the Catholic Church.
What is the Mass?	All possible answers. A reenactment of Christ’s Last Supper with his disciples. A daily service in the Catholic Church. The most solemn ritual of the Catholic Church.
What was the Council of Trent?	The Catholic Church committee that met in response to the Protestant Reformation.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Martin Luther?	He was a leading member of the Council of Trent.
Which part of the Mass Ordinary is not in Latin?	Kyrie
Which statement does NOT describe the typical church choir of the Renaissance?	Women sang the upper voices, and men sang the lower voices.
Which was NOT an objection of the Council of Trent to the music in the church service?	The performance of plainchant by women and children.
Which was a recommendation of the Council of Trent regarding music for the church?	Make the words more understandable.
Which was the language of learning in the Middle Ages and Renaissance?	Latin
Early instrumental music relied on the improvisation skills of players.	True
Early instruments were grouped into the same general families as modern ones.	True
Instrumental music first flourished in conjunction with	dance
Instrumental music in the Renaissance was performed strictly with no embellishment of the notated music.	False
Louder (outdoor) Renaissance instruments were categorized as	haut.
Musical instruments in the Renaissance were categorized by the loudness of sound they produced.	True
Renaissance instruments that were appropriate for indoor performances were categorized as	bas.
Specific instruments to be used were often identified in the musical scores for Renaissance dance music.	False
Susato is considered a musical jack-of-all trades because he	played virtually all the brass and woodwind instruments of his day.
Susato was a member of the ______ city band, an esteemed group of five instrumentalists who performed regular town concerts.	Antwerp
Susato’s Danserye is	a collection of popular dances.
Susato’s Three Dances are examples of which kind of instrumental dance?	ronde
The knowledge of instruments and performance practice from the Middle Ages and Renaissance comes from	artwork and historical documents.
The members of the esteemed Antwerp city band were expert improvisers.	True
The pavane, saltarello, and ronde are all	dances.
The ronde	all possible answers was originally a country dance is danced in a circle or line is a group-oriented dance
There was much flexibility of performance of instrumental Renaissance music, based on the occasion and which instruments were on hand.	True
Tielman Susato was well known for his work as a	all possible answers instrumentalist. music publisher. composer.
What do the repeated dance sections of Susato’s Three Dances allow the musicians to do?	Perform melodic embellishments.
Which instrument is an ancestor of the oboe?	shawm
Which instrument is an early version of the trombone?	sackbut
Which is a plucked string instrument?	lute
Which of the following dance forms is found in sixteenth-century publications?	saltarello
Which of the following is a true statement?	Books of dance music became available for amateur and professional players during the Renaissance.
Which was NOT a common percussion instrument from the Renaissance?	sackbut

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