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Classical Music

TermDefinition
alberti bass broken-chord patterns used as accompaniment for a melody; generally written for keyboard instrument
augmented sixth chord a chord whose outer pitches are the flat submediant and the raised subdominant, both of which normally resolve to the dominant
coda generally found as the closing section of a movement in large-scale works of the Classical and Romantic periods; harmonically, a final prolongation of the tonic harmony
development the section in sonata form that follows the exposition; its purpose is to modulate back to the tonic for the recapitulation, but its name derives from fragmenting, altering, treating in various keys, in short, "developing" themes from the exposition
diapason the main foundation timbre of the organ
diminished seventh chord a four-note chord built of minor thirds, usually found either on the leading tone or a semitone below the dominant; although it can be treated like a dominant ninth chord without a root, the ambiguity of its sound makes it a useful chord for modulation
divertimento an eighteenth century instrumental piece in several relatively short movements for small ensemble; intended primarily to entertain, thus containing many dances, marches, and variations
empfindsamer stile an expressive German style of the early Classical period which relies strongly on changes of mood and dynamics
episode a section of a fugue or ritornello movement that does not (generally) include the main theme; modulation and a lighter texture through use of sequences often characterize an episode
exposition the opening section in a sonata form, featuring tonal contrast (usually modulation from a tonic area to a dominant area) and generally thematic contrast as well
figured music in its Baroque meaning, florid polyphony using Baroque affective language, as opposed to a simple style (for instance, a chorale setting for the congregation)
finale the closing movement of a large-scale composition
intermezzo a seventeenth and eighteenth century type of comic opera in two parts inserted between the acts of an opera seria
metastasian a reference to the outstanding librettist of the eighteenth century, Pietro Metastasio, whose 27 opera texts were set more than 800 times
minuet an elegant French dance in moderate triple meter; optional in the Baroque suite, it became the standard third movement of the Classical symphony
motive a short, characteristic thematic building block that is smaller than a theme and flexible enough to serve in development sections or transitions; a theme may be built upon several _____s
recapitulation the third section of a sonata form, in which the tonic returns and with it the principal themes (transposed to the tonic, where necessary)
reeds/reed pipes organ stops of considerable power named for such orchestral reed instruments as the oboe and clarinet; usually used as solo stops
rondo-form a sectional form featuring one prominent theme set off by contrasting episodes, as in the following pattern: ABACABA; often found as the closing movement of a sonata or concerto
scene a vocal scene of a dramatic character in Italian opera, often consisting of recitative, arioso, and aria for a solo singer
scherzo literally, "joke"; a movement in triple meter; faster, more characterful, and less predictable than the typical minuet, whose place it takes in the typical Classical symphony and sonata
sforzando a strong accent on a note or chord
sonata form the standard form used by composers in first movements of symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, and concertos; it features tonal contrast, thematic contrast, and a true development section; three part form: exposition, development & recapitulation
sonatina a short, simple sonata; a modification of the sonata-form in which there is no development
stopped pipes organ pipes that are covered at the top, producing pitches an octave lower than voiced and altering the harmonics
stops on the organ, handles or levers above the manuals that enable an organist to change the registration
style galant a light-textured, elegant style of the early Classical period
Created by: mehrivnak
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Voices

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