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AICP Groundwater
Groundwater Terminology E-H
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erosion | The wearing down or washing away of the soil and land surface by the action of water, wind, or ice. |
| Evaporation | The conversion of a liquid (water) into a vapor (a gaseous state) usually through the application of heat energy during the hydrologic cycle; the opposite of condensation. |
| Evapotranspiration | The water loss from soil through both evaporation and transpiration from plants. |
| Filtering | The soil's ability to attenuate substances by retaining chemicals or dissolved substances on the soil particle surface, transforming chemicals through microbial biological processing, retarding movement, and capturing solid particles. |
| Flow rate | The time required for a volume of groundwater to move between points. Typically groundwater moves very slowly—sometimes as little as inches per year. |
| Fresh water | Water with less than 0.5 parts per thousand dissolved salts. |
| Gaining stream | A stream in which groundwater discharges contribute significantly to the streamflow volume. The same stream could be both a gaining stream and a losing stream, depending on the conditions. |
| Gas (gaseous) | See vapor. |
| Gray water | Domestic wastewater composed of wash water from household sinks, tubs, and washers. |
| Groundwater | Water found in the spaces between soil particles and cracks in rocks underground (located in the saturation zone). Groundwater is a natural resource that is used for drinking, recreation, industry, and growing crops. |
| Groundwater basin | The underground area from which groundwater drains. The basins could be separated by geologic or hydrologic boundaries. |
| Groundwater divide | The boundary between two adjacent groundwater basins, which is represented by a high point in the water table. |
| Groundwater under the direct influence (UDI) of surface water | A groundwater source close enough to surface water, such as a river or lake, to receive direct surface water recharge. Since a portion of the groundwater source’s recharge is from surface water, the groundwater is at risk of contamination from pathogens |
| Hydrogeology | The study of the interrelationships of geologic materials and processes with water, especially groundwater. |
| Hydrologic cycle | (aka the water cycle) The paths water takes through its various states--vapor, liquid, solid--as it moves throughout the oceans, atmosphere, groundwater, streams, etc. |
| Hydrology | The study of the occurrence, distribution, and chemistry of all waters of the earth. |
Created by:
shepherdanna