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AP Gov Ch4 Vocab
AP U.S. Gov chapter 4 civil liberties
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Clear and Present Danger Test | This is a test used in the determination of the speech that our government is permitted to restrain. |
Parochial | Something that relates to a church parish, having a narrow outlook/scope towards a particular religion. For example, a parochial school would be a private religious institution. |
Secular | Something that does not lean towards any particular religion. |
Direct Incitement Test | This test ensures that the government can only restrict speech if it is likely going to result in imminent lawless action. For instance, inciting mob violence. |
Symbolic Speech | This term is used to describe any action purposefully and discernibly implemented with the intention to convey a specific message to those who see it. Example: Burning a U.S. flag. |
Prior restraint | This is the judicial suppression of the release of material before it is published or broadcasted, specifically for the purpose of it being considered libelous or particularly harmful. |
Fighting Words | These are any words inciting the ambition to challenge or fight someone that is likely to cause a confrontation of sorts. |
Slander | Slander can be defined as the action/crime of speaking a false statement that might damage someone’s reputation. |
Libel | This is a published/written statement inciting defamation upon a particular person’s reputation, which must be a lie. |
Commercial Speech | Commercial speech can be defined as anything spoken or written on behalf of a business, with the intention of earning a profit/revenue for that particular business. |
Due Process Rights | These can be found in the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause. “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” |
Exclusionary Rule | This is a legal rule based off the Constitution that prevents any evidence that has been collected in violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights from being utilized in a court of law. |
Double Jeopardy | One cannot be tried for the same exact crime/offense twice, as per the fifth amendment to the Constitution. |
Miranda Rights | This is a sort of notification that police are customarily supposed to give to any criminal suspects they are about to take into custody as to advise them of their rights. (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966.) |