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Carbohydrates Role
Carbohydrates roles within the human body
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Triglycerides | The primary storage and transportable form of fats in the body, composed of three free fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone. |
| Ketones | A group of incompletely metabolized fat fragments that are normally produced during fat metabolism in the absence of adequate carbohydrates. |
| Gluconeogenesis | A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. |
| Bolus | A mass of food that has been chewed and is now ready to initiate the swallowing process. |
| Duodenum | It is the first section of the small intestine where some digestion occurs. It is located immediately after the stomach and leads into the jejunum. |
| Chyme | The partially digested, semi-fluid mass of food expelled by the stomach to the duodenum. |
| Jejunum | It is the second section of the small intestine where digestion and absorption occur. It is located immediately after the duodenum and leads into the ileum. |
| Ileum | It is the final section of the small intestine where lots of absorption occurs. It is located immediately after the jejunum and leads into the large intestine. |
| Brush Border | The wall of the small intestine, composed of villi and microvilli, that enhance the region’s surface area for the final stages of digestion and absorption. |
| Villi | These are small, finger-like projections located on the walls of the intestine that extend into the intestinal tract that serve to increase the body’s surface area for absorption of nutrients. |
| Hepatic Portal Vein | The vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver. |
| Cirrhosis | A liver disease marked by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue that is a result of alcohol abuse. |
| Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | The development of a fatty liver resulting from excessive quantities of fats being deposited from causes that exclude alcohol. |
| Hyperglycemia | A condition of an abnormally high blood glucose (blood sugar) level in the blood. |
| Hypoglycemia | A condition of an abnormally low blood glucose (blood sugar) level in the blood. |
| Glycogenolysis | The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways. |
| Type 1 Diabetes | A condition in which the pancreas produces little to no insulin. |
| Catabolic | The breakdown of nutrients to release energy. |
| Glycemic Load | A method for determining how the quantity of carbohydrates consumed impact blood sugar levels. |
Created by:
KeiKei
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