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Comp 2

Structure of the Internet

Question	Answer
Internet	A network of computer networks and computers using unique IP addresses and TCP/IP
Gateway	Connects networks that use different network protocols
Router	Connects networks that use the same link layer protocol
IP address	A unique address that identifies a computer of other electronic devices on a network
WWW (World Wide Web)	A system of hyperlinked text documents accessed via the Internet
Intranet	A private computer network used to share information or operations within an organisation
Domain name	A name that identifies one or more IP addresses
What does FQDN stand for?	Fully qualified domain name
What does a FQDN consist of?	Host ID and domain name
DNS server	A server that translates FQDNs into IP addresses
What does URL stand for?	Uniform Resource Locator
What is a URL?	A URI that identifies a resource by its network location
What does URI stand for?	Uniform resource identifier
What does a URI do?	Specifies how to access a resource on the Internet
Server	A software process that provides a service requested by a client
Client	A software process that requests and uses the services provided by a server
Client-server model	A client software process initiates a request for a service from a server software process, and the server responds to that request
Protocol	A set of agreed signals, codes and rules for data exchange between systems
Protocol Stack	A collection of protocol layers where each layer is responsible for part of the process governed by the stack
Name the parts of the TCP/IP protocol stack from top to bottom	Application layer, transport layer, network layer and link layer
Port	An address for a software process
Socket	A combination of a host IP address and a port number
Bidirectional	Data passes both ways at the same time
Client port numbers	Temporary port numbers used by client processes. They lie in the range 1024 to 4095
Well-known port numbers	Universally known port numbers used by servers. They lie in the range 0 to 1023
What does the TCP or Transport layer do?	Connects hosts, detects errors, retransmits packets and detects if a connection is broken
Network layer	Adds and removes source and destination IP addresses from packets
Link layers	Handles all the physical details of interfacing with the cable
Application layer	Handles the details of a particular networking application
What ports does FTP use and what are they used for?	Port 20 for file transfer data Port 21 for file transfer control (commands)
What ports does a web server use?	80 and 8080
What port does a SMTP server use?	25
What port does a POP3 server use?	110
What port does a Telnet server use?	23

Created by: Masterniket

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