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Civics Unit 2
WHS 2024 Class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them |
| Magna Carta | The royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 |
| Hammuabi’s Code | Well-preserved Babylonian code of law of the anxiety Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BCE |
| Due Process | Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizens entitlement |
| Rule of Law | The restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws |
| Limited Government | A governing or controlling body whose power exists only within pre-defined limits that are established by a constitution or other source of authority |
| Legislature | A group of people who hace the power to make laws |
| The English Bill of Rights | An act that the parliament of England passed to create separation of powers, limited the powers of the king and queen, enhances the democratic election and bolsters freedom of speech (December 16, 1689) |
| The Enlightenment | People believed God had created an orderly universe |
| Nicole Paganini | Italian resistance writer; safer for ruler to be feared than loved, the best form of G is republics |
| Thomas Hobbes | Experienced English civil war; social contract, people need a strong leader because they are too selfish to govern themselves |
| John Locke | Influenced by glorious revolution; natural rights, social contract, right to revolution |
| Natural Rights | Life, liberty, and property |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | French thinker; social contract, right to decide how they are governed |
| Baron de Montesquieu | French writer; separation of powers, checks and balances |
| Separation of Powers | The division of power among the legislative executive, and judicial branches of government |
| Francois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) | He believed in: individual rights, and representative democracy |
| House of Burgesses | The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legislative acts |
| Mayflower Compact | The first governing document of Plymouth Colony and in America (direct democracy) |
| Life, Liberty, Property | Natural rights |
| Mercantilism | An economic practice by which governments used their economy’s to augment state power at the expense of other countries |
| French and Indian War | (1754 - 1763) war fought in the colonies between the English and the French (both aided by Indians) for possession of the Ohio valley area. The English won |
| British King George III | King of England during the colonization of America and the revolutionary war |
| Proclamation act of 1763 | Act passed by England prohibiting colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains (the lands won from the French) |
| Stamp Act of 1765 | This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items |
| Boycott | Refuse to buy |
| Stamp Act Congress | group of colonists who protested the Stamp Act saying that Parliament couldn’t tax without colonists’ consent |
| Repeal | To cancel |
| Townshend Acts | A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1776 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea |
| Duties | Taxes on imported goods |
| Smuggling | The act of illegally importing or exporting goods |
| Writs of Assistance | Search warrants used to enter homes or businesses to search for smuggled goods |
| Tea Act of 1773 | Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; let to the Boston tea party |
| Boston Tea Party | a 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor |
| Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts | This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed won the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paired for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers in own homes |
| Delegates | Representatives |
| 1st Continental Congress | On September 1774, delegates form 12 colonies gathered in Philadelphia. Decided to boycott all British goods and to stop exporting goods to Britain until the Intolerance act was canceled |
| Lexington and Concord | The first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775) |
| Thomas Paine and Common Sense | (January 1776) Pamphlet that argued in clear, logical language that the colonies should break with Britain |
| 2nd Continental Congress | Approved the creation of a Continental Army and the Declaration of Independence |
| Declaration of Independence | The document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (July 4, 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain |
| Constitution | A written plan of government |
| Bicameral | Two house legislature |
| Confederation | A group of individual state governments that unite for a common purpose |
| Articles of Confederation | 1st Constitution of the U.S. (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) |
| Ratify | To approve |
| Northwest Ordinance 1787 | A law that established a procedure for the admission of new states to the Union |
| Shay’s Rebellion | Rebellion led by Daniel Shay’s of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out |
| Ordinances | Laws |
| Ordinance of 1785 | A law that set up a plan for surveying western lands |
| Constitutional Convention | The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution |
| The US Constitution | Result of the constitutional convention, our “rule book” |
| Parts of the Constitution | Preamble, 7 articles, 27 amendments |
| Legislative Branch | Makes laws (congress-> House of Representatives and senate) |
| Judicial Branch | Interprets laws (Supreme Court) |
| Executive Branch | Enforces the laws (president, vice president) |
| Checks and Balances | In place so one group does no become more powerful than the other |
| Great compromise | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature (senate) and representation based on population in the other house ( House of Representatives) |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Every 5 slaves would be counted as 3 (for representative and taxation purposes ) |
| North-South Compromise | Ban slave trade in 1808, Congress can regulate foreign and interstate trade, No tax on exports |
| Electoral College Compromise | Executive branch (president) - Citizens vote for electors - number of electors per state based on number of reps in congress - electors choose the President based on the will of the people, BUT dont have to legally follow it |
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Zasadaud000
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