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1. After taking a bite of pizza, sensory receptors are stimulated in your mouth. What is the order of information flow that results?
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2. A student returns to his dorm room late at night to find his roommate throwing up. The smell is at first so bad that Max wants to vomit too, but after helping his roommate clean up, the odor seems to fade. Max has experienced__________.
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Chapter 12 concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. After taking a bite of pizza, sensory receptors are stimulated in your mouth. What is the order of information flow that results? | Stimulation of sensory receptors--impulse sent to CNS--sensation--perception Page 453 |
| 2. A student returns to his dorm room late at night to find his roommate throwing up. The smell is at first so bad that Max wants to vomit too, but after helping his roommate clean up, the odor seems to fade. Max has experienced__________. | sensory adaptation Page 453 |
| 3. What type of receptor allows a pole vaulter to keep track of his position in mid-air? | Proprioceptors Page 453 |
| 4. You drop a book on your foot. Immediately, you feel a sharp, stinging pain. Pain fibers called__________ are responsible for this sensation. Then, about a minute later, you feel a dull, lingering pain. Pain fibers called__________ are responsible for this sensation. | fast pain fibers; slow pain fibers Page 457 |
| 5. You are carrying a box when your friend suddenly places another heavy box on top of it. Your muscles respond by immediately__________ because receptors called__________ sense the rapid muscle lengthening and cause a reflex response. | contracting; muscle spindles Page 459 |
| 6. While working in a lab without protective glasses, you accidentally spray yourself in the eyes with a nerve agent that blocks contraction in smooth muscles. How will his eyes be affected? | the ciliary body or the iris wont be able to adjust/react Page 480 |
| 7. Where are receptors for the general senses located? | Widely distributed specialized organs like the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth Page 460 |
| 9. The interpretation of sensory input by the brain is referred to as___________. | perception Page 453 |
| 10. What type of receptor detects and responds to pressure? | mechanoreceptors Page 453 |
| 11. What is projection? | process by which the brain causes a sensation to seem to come from the region of the body being stimulated. Page 979 |
| 12. What type of structures are temperature receptors? | thermoreceptors (free nerve endings) Page 454 |
| 13. Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are receptors for__________. | proprioceptors Page 453 |
| 14. Structurally, taste receptors are__________. | modified epithelial cells Page 462 |
| 15. List the primary taste sensations? | sweet - stimulate by carbs, sour - stimulate by acids, salty - ionized inorganic, bitter - inicotine, umami -amino acid Page 463 |
| 16. What is the function of a stretch reflex? | Maintaining the muscle at a constant length Page 459 |
| 17. What structure is part of the inner tunic of the eye? | retina Page 483 |
| 18. Following the path of sound transmission, what is the correct order of auditory ossicles? | 1. cochlea 2. malleus 3. pinna 4. stapes 5. incus Page 473 |
| 19. What type of receptor is responsive to vibration, heavier pressure, and stretch? | mechanoreceptors Page 453 |
| 20. What structure contains the receptors for the sense of hearing? | cochlea Page 466 |
| 21. The auditory tube runs between the throat and the__________. | middle ear Page 467 |
| 22. The inner ear is located within which cranial bone? | temporal bone Page 455 |
| 23. What structure produces tears? | the lacrimal gland Page 477 |
| 24. The decreased responsiveness to an ongoing stimulus is called___________. | habituation Page 469 |
| 25. What statement describes a receptor potential? | local graded potential that reflects strength of the stimulus Page 479 |
| 26. Sensory impulses originate at receptors in response to__________. | local changes in their cell membrane potentials Page 495 |
| 27. Olfactory receptors are examples of what class of sensory receptor? | chemoreceptors Page 460 |
| 29. Transmission of pain impulses within the posterior horn of the spinal cord can be inhibited by compounds called __________, released in response to signals from several areas of the brain. | enkephalins Page 968 |
| 30. What is the destination of fibers of the spinothalamic tract transmitting pain and temperature information? | the primary sensory cortex Page 471 |
| 31. How do pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors? | adapting very little Page 457 |
| 32. What stimulates Golgi tendon organs? | muscle contractions Page 453 |
| 33. What occurs as a result of the tympanic reflex? | vibrations are transmitted less effectively to the inner ear Page 461 |
| 34. Where are the receptors for hearing located? | cochlea Page 470 |
| 35. What causes the lens of the eye to thicken? | ciliary muscle contracts Page 467 |
| 36. Why are images detected by the lateral retina blurry? | more rods than cones in the region Page 477 |
| 37. In the rods of the retina, the visual pigment called__________ breaks down to_________ when stimulated by light. | Rhodopsin; retinal and opsin Page 476 |
| 38. How is stereoscopic vision produced? | each eye sees a different view Page 475 |
| 39. When does refraction of light occur? | Change in speed of light Page 478 |
| 40. Sensory fibers from the__________ cross over at the optic chiasma. | nasal retinal fibers Page 481 |
| 41. What is the correct order of segments of the visual pathway? | retina--optic nerve--optic chiasm--optic tracts--lateral geniculate bodies--optic radiation--visual cortex Page 480 |
| 42. Receptors for the sense of static equilibrium are located in the__________ which contains chambers called the__________. | utricle; saccule Page 477 |
| 43. The sense of taste requires that molecules bind to receptor proteins located__________. | Microvilli Page 696 |
| 44. Acids in foods stimulate__________ receptors while alkaloids (including strychnine and nicotine) stimulate__________ receptors. | sour; bitter Page 464 |
| 45. What is detected by the hair cells in the semicircular canals? | detect motion of the fluid Page 471 |
| 46. What is glaucoma? | fluid built up in the eye Page 488 |
| 47. What change results in farsightedness after the age of forty-five? | Loss of elasticate in the lenses Page 491 |
| 48. The lack of__________ results in colorblindness. | cone in the retina Page 945 |
| 49. What condition is due to an abnormality in the curvature of the lens or cornea, resulting in some areas of blurry vision? | astigmatism Page 486 |
| 50. The olfactory receptors are examples of what class of receptor? | chemoreceptors Page 460 |
| 51. What is the order of structures through which light passes as it travels to the retina? | cornea--aqueous--humor--pupil--lens--vitreous humor--photoreceptors of the retina Page 474 |
| 52. What structure is part of the innermost layer of the wall of the eye? | retina Page 483 |
| 53. What region of the retina provides the sharpest vision? | fovea Page 483 |
| 54. What is the immediate result of stimulation of the hair cells of the spiral organ? | basilar membrane Page 469 |
| 55. Which of the following structures are NOT responsible for the refraction of light? | vitreous humor Page 474 |
| 28a. Define: Nociceptor | respond to tissue damage Page 453 |
| 28b. Define: Thermoreceptor | sense temperature change Page 453 |
| 28c. Define: Baroreceptor | detect change in blood pressure |
| 28d. Define: Proprioceptor | respond to changes in the tensions of muscle and tendons |
| Chapter 12 Key Concepts Jamie Garrison |
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garrisonjr84