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AP Gov Ch.12 Vocab
AP Gov Ch. 12 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 501(c) group | Interest groups whose purpose isn't electoral politics. |
| 527 Political Committees | Organization created w/ the primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes; the term is typically applied only to freestanding interest groups that don't explicitly advocate for the election of a candidate. |
| Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act | This act amended the Federal Election Campaign Act 1971 w/ several provisions designed to end the use of non-federal or "soft money" for activity affecting federal elections. |
| Closed Primary | A primary election in which only a party's registered voters are to cast a ballot. |
| Electorate | The citizens eligible to vote. |
| Federal Election Campaign Act | This is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending & fundraising. The law originally focused on increased disclosure of contributors for federal campaigns. |
| Federal Election Commission | An independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the US Congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the US. |
| Front-loading | The tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar. |
| Get-Out-The-Vote | A push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls. |
| Independent Expenditures | Spending for campaign activity that isn't coordinated w/ a candidate's campaign. |
| Initiative | An election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popular vote. |
| McCutcheon v. FEC | The 2014 Supreme Court ruling that declared Section 441 of the Federal Election Campaign Act unconstitutional. Section 441 imposed limits on any individuals total political contributes in 2 year period. |
| Open Primary | A primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate. |
| Presidential Coattails | When successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election. |
| Recall | An election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election. |
| Referendum | An election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval. |
| Runoff primary | A 2nd primary election between the 2 candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the 1st primary. |
| Super PAC | Political action committees established to make independent expenditures. |
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