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AP GOV UNIT 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Besides the family, what are two additional agents of socialization? | Education/Schools, Opinion Leaders, Media, Peer Groups, Social Groups (race, religion, etc.) |
| Which two labels identify the two extremes of the political spectrum? | Radical and Reactionary |
| Besides polling, what are two methods of assessing public opinion? | Elections, media, interest groups, personal contact with the public |
| What is the difference between a budget deficit and the national debt? | A budget deficit is the shortfall between the amount the government spends and collects in taxes in a given year. The national debt is the running total of all money the government owes. |
| What is the difference between fiscal policy and monetary policy? | Fiscal policy refers to the government’s tax and spending policy. Monetary policy refers to the regulation of the money supply, interest rates, and inflation. |
| What two entities control fiscal policy in the United States? | Congress and the President |
| FICA/Payroll taxes pay for which two government programs? | Medicare and Social Security |
| Identify two tenets of the War Powers Act. | The Pres. must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending troops to a foreign conflict. Congress must give their consent if troops stay for more than 60 days. If Congress doesn’t give their consent w/in 60 days, the Pres. must withdraw the troops. |
| Identify two environmental laws that have been passed to limit pollutants. | Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Cap and Trade |
| What are two obstacles to passing a balanced budget? | Mandatory spending makes up a big part of the national budget. Interest groups fight for their favored programs. The public would oppose the loss of funding. for certain pr Democrats and Republicans have different budget priorities |
| What is the difference between mandatory spending and discretionary spending? | Mandatory spending is established by law and funding for those programs is not optional. Discretionary spending may be adjusted from year to year. |
| What two offices assist the President and Congress with the federal budget every year? | Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and Congressional Budget Office (CBO) |
| What are two tenets of Keynesian Economics during a time of recession? | Increase demand, government should increase spending, government should lower taxes, balanced budget isn’t necessary, etc. |
| What are two tenets of Supply Side Economics? | Reduce government regulations, lower taxes, keep a stable money supply, etc. |
| Describe two ways interest groups are involved in the policy-making process? | Lobbying congressional and White House staffers, helping to write/contribute to legislation, writing amicus curiae briefs, etc. |
| Identify two core values of American culture. | Liberty/Freedom, Equality of Opportunity, Individualism, Limited Government, Democracy, Civic Duty |
| What are two steps in conducting a scientific poll? | Define the universe, construct a sample, construct neutral survey questions, conduct a standard interview, and analyze/report the data |
| What are two of the federal government’s largest sources of income? | Individual income taxes, FICA/Payroll taxes, and corporate income taxes |
| What are two responsibilities of the Federal Reserve? | Control the money supply, determine interest rates, destroy currency, clear checks, control inflation, oversee mergers, etc. |
| What are two examples of entitlement programs? | Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security |
| Name two different means tested policies. | Medicaid, Food Stamps, Welfare, Earned Income Tax Credit, TANF, etc. |
| What are two ideas that have been proposed to reform Social Security? | Raise the retirement age, increase the wage cap on payroll taxes, reduce benefits for higher income individuals, privatize the system and allow individuals to privately invest, etc. |
| Outside of defense, what are two additional discretionary spending items in the federal budget? | Transportation, Education, Agriculture, Research, etc. |
| A white man who grew up Baptist in South Carolina would likely be shaped most by which ideological view? | Conservative Ideology |
| Who controls monetary policy in the United States? | The Federal Reserve |
| This tax benefit is available to low-income working families who meet the qualifications. | Earned Income Tax Credit |
| Which health care program is available to all individuals over the age of 65? | Medicare |
| What term describes a benefit program that requires certain income qualifications and is geared toward aiding low-income individuals? | Means tested program |
| Which political party is most likely to fight for Medicaid and Medicare benefits in a budget battle? | The Democratic Party |
| What is the largest discretionary spending item in the U.S. budget? | Military/Defense |
| Which type of economic policy believes the government should stimulate demand and is supported by many liberals today? | Keynesian Economics |
| Which foreign policy did the US implement after World War II in an attempt to stop the spread of communism? | Containment |
| The War Powers Act was passed to limit the president’s war making abilities due to the escalation of which war? | The Vietnam War |
| Which law gave the federal government greater power to find terrorists after 9/11? | The Patriot Act |
| Which government agency was formed in 1970 to address environmental issues in the U.S.? | The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| If the government wanted to construct a highway, they would first be required to publish one of these, which would assess the possible environmental repercussions. | Environmental Impact Statement |
| Which ideological viewpoint tends to place a greater emphasis on government protection of the environment? | The liberal viewpoint |
| An individual who favored low taxes, minimal military involvement, and great personal choice would likely fall under which ideological perspective? | Libertarian |
| Which type of economic policy was advocated during the Reagan years and is preferred by many conservatives today? | Supply side economics |
| Which environmental law established national air quality standards? | Clean Air Act |
| Which 2001 law continued to increase the federal government’s role in education and placed a greater emphasis on standardized tests? | No Child Left Behind |
| Outside of the entitlement programs, name one an additional mandatory spending item. | Interest on the national debt |
| What is the primary conflict between the President and Congress in terms of defense policy? | The President is the commander in chief, but Congress holds the power to declare war |
| Which party is more likely to advocate for a larger military and greater US presence around the world? | The Republican Party |
| The process by which political values are formed and passed on to the next generation is called what? | Political Socialization |
| What is the number one agent of socialization? | The Family |
| A cohesive set of beliefs about politics, policy, and the role of government is referred to as what? | Political Ideology |
| A plurality of Americans identifies themselves with which ideology? | Moderate |
| Which ideology prefers the government to be as hands off as possible in all areas? | Libertarian |
| The generation you are a part of is likely to impact your political beliefs. For example, which ideology is a Millenial more likely to identify with than a Baby Boomer? | Liberal Ideology |
| What is the most accurate form of assessing public opinion? | Scientific Polling |
| This type of sample ensures every member of the population being polled has an equal chance of being sampled: | Random Sample |
| If you wanted to get a general idea of who your community is voting for in the next election, you might ask everyone you could at the local mall. This is an example of what type of poll? | Straw poll |
| An accurate poll of the United States population can ask as little as how many people? | 1500 people |
| A person who favors a reduction in government assistance and is a strong pro-life advocate would likely be a member of which political party? | The Republican Party |
| This type of poll usually correctly predicts the winner of presidential elections and is taken on Election Day at polling places: | Exit poll |
| When taking a scientific poll, what is one factor that may skew the results? | The wording of the questions, the method in which the poll was taken |
| The liberal ideological viewpoint most closely aligns with which major party? | The Democratic Party |
| While Americans generally value equality, this is one exception. | Economic equality |
| Women tend slightly toward which ideology? | Liberal |
| As opposed to those who live on the east and west coast, Mid-Westerners are more likely to favor which ideological position? | Conservative |
| Americans generally believe that government officials are held to the same standard of law and should not seize power above what has been already been granted to them in the Constitution. This value is known as what? | Limited Government |
| A person’s ideology will likely change as they get older. What is one factor that may influence one’s ideological viewpoint as they age? | Education, political events, financial situation |
| A person who favors gun control and is passionate about social justice would likely find themselves a member of which political party? | The Democratic Party |
| We are constantly measuring the approval rating of the president. This is known as what kind of poll? | Tracking poll |
| Because polls only ask the opinions of a certain percentage of the population, every poll will have some degree of what? | Sampling error |
| The focus on personal rights and responsibilities is tied to which political value? | Individualism |
| What type of tax charges a greater rate of taxation on those with a higher income than those with a lower income? | Progressive tax |
| Programs that guarantee benefits to all beneficiaries who meet the requirements are called what? | Entitlement Programs |
| This tax benefit is available to low-income working families who meet the qualifications. | Earned Income Tax Credit |
| What term describes a benefit program that requires certain income qualifications and is geared toward aiding low-income individuals? | Means tested program |
| Many conservatives advocate a change in our current income tax to this type, which would charge the same rate of taxation regardless of income: | Proportional tax/Flat tax |
| What is the largest discretionary spending item in the U.S. budget? | Military/Defense |
| Which type of economic policy believes the government should stimulate demand and is supported by many liberals today? | Keynesian Economics |
| Which foreign policy did the US implement after World War II in an attempt to stop the spread of communism? | Containment |
| Which government agency was formed in 1970 to address environmental issues in the U.S.? | The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| If the government wanted to construct a highway, they would first be required to publish one of these, which would assess the possible environmental repercussions. | Environmental Impact Statement |
| Which ideological viewpoint tends to place a greater emphasis on government protection of the environment? | The liberal viewpoint |
| An individual who favored low taxes, minimal military involvement, and great personal choice would likely fall under which ideological perspective? | Libertarian |
| Outside of the entitlement programs, name one an additional mandatory spending item. | Interest on the national debt |
| What is Congress’ primary role in the policy making process? | Write/pass legislation |
| Which party is more likely to advocate for a larger military and greater US presence around the world? | The Republican Party |
| What is one effect that divided government has on the policy making process? | Policy process is slower/less efficient (more gridlock) |
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nightwolf3377
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