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2.03 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accutane | a prescription medicine used to treat severe acne, and the most widely used environmental toxin |
| Achondroplasia | a bone-growth disorder that prevents the changing of cartilage (particularly in the long bones of the arms and legs) to bone; characterized by dwarfism, limited range of motion at the elbows, large head size (macrocephaly), small fingers, and normal intel |
| Albinism | a birth defect that affects the production of melanin (the pigment that colors skin, hair and eyes); a lifelong condition that does not get worse over time |
| Cleft lip / Cleft palate | a gap in upper lip or palate; caused by heredity or environment or both |
| Color blindness | a birth defect where a person has a reduced ability to distinguish between colors when compared to the standard for normal human color vision; usually affects only males |
| Cystic fibrosis | a hereditary disease resulting in the secretion of thick mucus that blocks internal passages, including those of the lungs, causing respiratory infections; also affects the pancreas, resulting in a deficiency of digestive enzymes and impaired nutrition |
| Dominant gene | the stronger gene that expresses a trait that first appears or is visibility expressed in the organism as a dominant trait |
| Down syndrome / Trisomy 21 | a genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | a genetic disorder that results in the progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles; most commonly transmitted genetically by female carriers, but usually affects only males |
| Environmental influences | things and people in a person’s surroundings (e.g., mother’s health, family, friends, home, community, life experiences) |
| Fraternal twins | dizygotic twins, which result from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy, so the twins share half of their genes, just like any other siblings, and may be of the same or different sexes |
| Gene | the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, with genes being made up of DNA |
| Genetic | relating to genes or heredity |
| Hemophilia | a medical condition typically caused by a hereditary lack of a coagulation factor, most often factor VIII, in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury |
| Hereditary influences | all traits passed down from one generation to the next (e.g., eye, skin, and hair color) |
| Huntington’s disease | a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia |
| Hydrocephalus | an increase of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain, resulting in an enlargement of the head in infants, because the bones of the skull are still unfused and the fluid can be drained into the abdominal cavity |
| Identical twins | monozygotic twins, which result from the fertilization of a single egg that splits in two, so the twins share all their genes and are always of the same sex |
| Infectious disease | a disorder caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites |
| Inherited | derived genetically from one's parents or ancestors |
| Multiple births | giving birth to more than one child at a time |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | a condition in which the body is unable to process and use a specific protein that is present in nearly all foods |
| Prenatal development | the process of growth and development within the womb, in which a single cell zygote becomes an embryo, a fetus, and then a baby |
| Psychoactive substances | drugs or other substance that affects how the brain works and cause changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavio |
| Recessive gene | the trait that is present at the gene level but is masked and does not show itself in the organism (weaker gene) |
| Sexually transmitted disease (STD) | an infection transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites |
| Sickle cell anemia | malformed red blood cells that deprive the body of oxygen; caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents; more commonly occurs in African Americans |
| Spina bifida | a congenital condition in which part of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes through a cleft in the spinal column, resulting in loss of voluntary movement in the lower body |
| Tay- sachs disease: | a rare, inherited disorder that destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord; typically found in people with certain ancestry, such as Eastern European Jews |
| Tourette syndrome | a nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds |
| Toxoplasmosis | a parasite that can cause blindness, hearing loss, and learning disabilities, and death; found in cat litter and some raw meats |
| Trisomy 13: | a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome 13 |
| Trisomy 18 | a condition that causes severe developmental delays due to an extra chromosome 18 |
| Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS | a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiple births; occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb |
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