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Physics Ch. 12
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is a periodic motion? Give examples. | A repeated motion. Anything with motion back and forth over the same path. Ex- a pendulum, a wave, springs. |
At the equilibrium position, velocity reaches... | A maximum. |
At the maximum displacement, spring force and acceleration reach... | A maximum. |
At the maximum displacement, the velocity reaches... | Zero. |
Positive or negative displacement depends on what? | X or Y direction. |
Define simple harmonic motion. | Vibration about an equilibrium position in which a restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium. |
What did Robert Hooke find in relation to mass-spring systems? | Most follow the relationship of simple harmonic motion. |
The higher the spring constant, the ______ the spring. | Stiffer. |
Force is always _______ of the spring movement. | Opposite. |
What does a stretched or compressed spring have? | Elastic potential energy. |
Gravitational potential energy increases as a pendulum's displacement _______. | Increases. |
Define amplitude. | The maximum displacement from equilibrium. |
Define period. | The time it takes to execute a complete cycle of motion. |
Define frequency. | The number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time. |
What is the SI unit for amplitude? | Radians or meters. |
What is the SI unit for period, T? | Seconds. |
What is the SI unit for frequency, f? | Hertz. |
What is a hertz equal to? | 1/sec. |
Define the relationship between frequency and period. | f=1/T -or- T=1/f |
Define a medium. | The material through which a disturbance travels. |
What are mechanical waves? | Waves that require a medium. Ex. sound waves, earth vs. space |
What waves do not require a medium? | Electromagnetic waves. ex. visible lights, x-rays |
Define a pulse wave. | Single traveling pulse. ex. thunder, explosions |
Define a sine wave. | A wave whose source vibrates with simple harmonic motion. |
Define a transverse wave. | A wave whose particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of wave motion. |
Define a longitudinal wave. | A wave whose particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion. |
Waves transfer energy by... What does the amount of energy depend on? | Transferring the motion of matter. -The amplitude of the waves. |
Define constructive interference. | Interference in which individual displacements on the same side of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave. |
Define destructive interference. | Interference in which individual displacements on opposite sides of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave. |
Define a standing wave. | A wave pattern that results when two waves of the same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere. |
What will standing waves produce? | Nodes and anti-nodes. |
Define nodes. | The wave undergoes complete destructive interference. |
Define anti-nodes. | Halfway between two nodes and have the highest amplitude. |
What do we know about the relation between nodes and anti-nodes? | There will always be one more node than antinode. |
Time of the oscillation depends on what for a mass-spring system? | -Mass. -Spring Constant. |
Where is kinetic energy maximized on on a pendulum? | The lowest point. |
Where is kinetic energy maximized on on a mass-spring system? | At the equilibrium position. |
Give some examples of simple harmonic motion. | Pendulum, motion of a spring, swing in the park, spring-mass system. |