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Mia Battilega
Anatomy Final 7 & 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Excitable cells that conduct the impulses are called glia cells. neurons. astrocytes. Schwann cells. | Neurons |
| The somatic nervous system carries information to the brain. visceral effectors. skeletal muscles. autonomic effectors. | Skeletal muscles |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the __________ divisions parasympathetic and sympathetic parasympathetic and autonomic sympathetic and autonomic visceral sensory and somatic sensory | parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| A signal conduction route to and from the central nervous system is a(n) reflex arc. afferent pathway. efferent pathway. feedback loop. | Reflex arc |
| Which of these glia cells are located in the peripheral nervous system? astrocytes ependymal cells oligodendrocytes Schwann cells microglia | Schwann cells |
| Neurons have: complete regeneration capacity. no regeneration capacity. very limited capacity to repair themselves. none of the above. | very limited capacity to repair themselves. |
| The glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier are the astrocytes. microglia. oligodendrocytes. ependymal cells. | Astrocytes |
| The _____ of a neuron is a single process that usually extends from a tapered portion of the cell body. dendrite neurofibril axon Nissl body | Axon |
| This is the site of communication between neurons. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Synapse |
| The structural and functional center of the entire nervous system is the _____ nervous system. peripheral autonomic afferent central | Central |
| The ________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Axon terminal |
| Which of the following is not a structural classification of neurons? bipolar unipolar multipolar polar | Polar |
| What structure of the Schwann cell is essential to normal nerve growth and the regeneration of injured nerve fibers? myelin sheath node of Ranvier neurilemma telodendria | Neurilemma |
| What term describes the bundles of nerve fibers within the central nervous system? fascicles tracts perineurium synapse | Tracts |
| This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Axon |
| These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Dendrite |
| The _____ nervous system is a complex network of nerve pathways embedded in the intestinal wall with a network of integrators and feedback loops that can act somewhat independently. somatic enteric sensory motor | Enteric |
| Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Synapse |
| Nerves that originate from the brain are called _____ nerves. cranial peripheral afferent spinal | Cranial |
| Bundles of myelinated fibers make up the: gray matter of the nervous system. ganglia. white matter of the nervous system. motor nerves. | White matter of the nervous system |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. multipolar bipolar unipolar multidendritic | Multipolar |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: stimulate the fight-or-flight response. maintain normal resting activity. carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. do both A and B. | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: nerve fibers. neuroglia. axons. cell bodies. | Cell bodies |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: skeletal muscles. smooth muscles. glands. cardiac muscle. | Skeletal muscles |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. multipolar bipolar unipolar multidendritic | Multipolar |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: stimulate the fight-or-flight response. maintain normal resting activity. carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. do both A and B. | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: nerve fibers. neuroglia. axons. cell bodies. | Cell bodies |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: skeletal muscles. smooth muscles. glands. cardiac muscle. | Skeletal muscles |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? It is associated with white fibers in the brain. It is important for nerve impulse conduction. It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis. | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: nodes of Ranvier. a neurilemma. a myelin sheath. neurofibrils. | A neurilemma |
| In the human nervous system: most of the cells are neurons. most of the cells are glia cells. there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system. | There are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons |
| Astrocytes attach to: neurons. oligodendrocytes. blood vessels. both A and C. | Both A and C |
| Which neurons are apart of a true reflex arc? Afferent neuron Efferent neuron Interneuron A and B All of the above | A and B |
| Multipolar neurons have: multiple axons and multiple dendrites. multiple axons and one dendrite. multiple dendrites and one axon. one dendrite and one axon. | multiple dendrites and one axon. |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: motor neurons. neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system. sensory neurons. neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. | Sensory neurons |
| The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment. All of the above are true. | All of the above are true |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? Water Carbon dioxide Glucose Dopamine | Dopamine |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. toward away from within None of the above is correct. | Toward |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: endoneurium. perineurium. macroneurium. epineurium. | Perineurium |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: myelinated fibers. nuclei. unmyelinated fibers. ganglia. | Myelinated fibers |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? Integrating sensory information Evaluating the information Initiating an outgoing response All of the above are functions of the CNS. | All of the above are functions of the CNS. |
| The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit. True False | False |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: there is no neurolemma in cells of the CNS. astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth. microglia lay down scar tissue. All lessen chance of healing | Microglia lay down scar tissue |
| The nervous system can be divided: according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. In all of the above ways | In all of the above ways |
| Interneurons reside in the: CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS only. PNS only. None of the above are correct | None of the above are correct |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: nuclei. tracts. ganglia. axons. | Nuclei |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: astrocytes. neurons. myelin. oligodendrocytes. | Astrocytes |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves. sensory motor mixed Schwann | Sensory |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): motor neuron. sensory neuron. interneuron. bipolar neuron. | Sensory neuron |
| Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium Fascicle | Endoneurium |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: somatic nervous system. autonomic nervous system. central nervous system. afferent division. | somatic nervous system. |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: astrocytes. microglia. ependymal cells. oligodendrocytes. | Astrocytes. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. peripheral and afferent sympathetic and parasympathetic sympathetic and efferent parasympathetic and somatic | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: dendrite, axon, cell body, and receptor. dendrite, cell body, and axon. axon, cell body, and dendrite. receptor, axon, and cell body. | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| Individual nerves that emerge from the _____ plexus innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm. lumbar sacral brachial coccygeal | Brachial |
| The three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem are the medulla oblongata, thalamus, and pons. medulla oblongata, thalamus, and midbrain. medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons. medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. | medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons. |
| The two efferent divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the somatic and sensory divisions. sympathetic and somatic divisions. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. peripheral and central divisions. | sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord? 23 13 31 32 | 31 |
| The lower end of the spinal cord, with its attached spinal nerve roots, gives the appearance of a horse’s tail called the conus medullaris. gray commissure. cauda equina. filum terminale. | cauda equina. |
| Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the ventricles. meninges. choroid plexus. solar plexus. | Choroid plexus |
| The enteric nervous system is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses that control the visceral effectors in the intestinal wall. urinary bladder. thoracic cavity. skeletal muscles. | Intestinal wall |
| The large fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the meninges. sulci. gyri. ventricles. | Ventricles |
| The inner protective covering of the brain is called the cranium. meninges. cerebrospinal fluid. compact bone. | Meninges |
| A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors is the _____ nervous system. somatic peripheral central autonomic | Autonomic |
| The ventral rami of most spinal nerves subdivide to form complex networks called ganglia. rami. plexuses. dermatomes. | Plexuses |
| If you trace the axon inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber branches along which pathway? | synapses with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron sends ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia passes through one or more ganglia without synapsing |
| Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the _____ | gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord. |
| Spinal cord tracts provide conduction paths to and from the brain. The tracts that conduct sensory impulses down the cord from the brain are called _____ tracts. ascending descending lateral spinothalamic spinocerebellar | Descending |
| The dorsal root of each spinal nerve is easily recognized as a swelling called the dorsal cavity. dorsal root ganglion. dorsal root plexus. ventral root ganglion. | Dorsal root ganglion |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. True False | False |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain. two three four five | Four |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. only sensory only motor completely autonomic motor and sensory | motor and sensory |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: subarachnoid space. central canal. third ventricle. subdural space | subdural space |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? Hypothalamus Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebellum | Pineal gland |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? Most decussate. Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. They are referred to as pyramidal pathways. They originate in the cerebral cortex. | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? Brachial Cervical Lumbar Sacral | Brachial |
| The brainstem does not include the: pons. medulla. midbrain. cerebellum. | Cerebellum |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal, and _____, and is absorbed back into the blood. subarachnoid space choroid plexuses spinal cord intraventricular foramen | subarachnoid space |
| Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs. True False | True |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus. cervical brachial lumbar sacral | Cervical |
| Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves? Vagus and hypoglossal Vagus and accessory Hypoglossal and accessory Glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal | Hypoglossal and accessory |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: pia mater. arachnoid membrane. dura mater. None of the above is correct. | Pia mater |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: limbic system. corpus callosum. temporal lobes. caudate nucleus. | Limbic system |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. 12 21 31 41 | 31 |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: sensory. motor. descending. none of the above. | Sensory |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. True False | False |
| The spinal tract is located on the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord in the _____ tract. lateral corticospinal ventral spinothalamic dorsal corticospinal lateral spinothalamic | Lateral corticospinal |
| Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve? Zygomatic nerve Ophthalmic nerve Maxillary nerve Mandibular nerve | Zygomatic nerve |
| The main divisions of the central nervous system are the: brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nerves. brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. brain and spinal cord. sensory division and motor division. | Brain and spinal cord |
| The sensory cranial nerves include only the: optic, vestibulocochlear, and vagus. olfactory, optic, and facial. olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear. optic, facial, and vestibulocochlear. | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear. |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. median phrenic femoral None of the above is correct. | Femoral |
| The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons. True False | False |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: basal ganglia. cerebrum. cerebellum. medulla. | Medulla |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. True False | True |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. True False | False |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: oculomotor. trochlear. vestibulocochlear. accessory. | vestibulocochlear. |
| The cervical plexus: is found deep in the neck. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5. includes the phrenic nerve. All of the above are correct. | All of the above are correct |
| All of following are characteristics of symp. Pregang. neurons except: secrete acetylcholine. have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. dendrites + cell bodies found in lateral gray columns of thoracic + first four lumbar segments of spinal cord. | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion |
| The cervical plexus: is found deep in the neck. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5. includes the phrenic nerve. All of the above are correct. | All of the above are correct. |
Created by:
Miabattilega