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History
The Establishment of the Weimar Republic and Its Early Problems (Section 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why was there a mutiny against Naval commanders at Kiel? | They ordered ships to fight British naval forces, even though it was clear they would lose |
| The Allies insisted that peace would not come until what? | The Kaiser abdicated |
| When did the Kaiser abdicate? | November 9th, 1918 |
| Where did the Kaiser flee to when he abdicated? | Holland |
| What new president took over from the Kaiser | Friedrich Ebert |
| When was the armistice signed to end WW1? | November 11th, 1918 |
| Why did the German people see the people who had signed the armistice as traitors? | Senior members of the German armed forces had convinced the people that Germany were close to winning the war |
| When were the first elections held for a new National Assembly in Germany? | January 1919 |
| What party was Friedrich Ebert from? | Social Democrats |
| What was the new German parliament called? | The Reichstag |
| What position was in charge of the government in the new Weimar Republic? | The Chancellor |
| Name a benefit of proportional representation | It allowed parties to gain seats based directly on the percentage of the vote they received, which was fairer than other systems |
| Name 2 disadvantages of proportional representation | 1. Coalition governments were often formed, which proved to be weak 2. Extremist parties managed to gain seats |
| What is a coalition government? | A government formed with more than one political party working together |
| Why did France want to punish Germany harshly in the Treaty of Versailles? | To pay for the terrible destruction they caused and to ensure France wouldn't have to fear another German attack |
| Why did Woodrow Wilson want to make a fair treaty with Germany? | He thought harsh terms would lead to a German desire for revenge in the long term |
| Why did David Lloyd George (British Prime Minister) need to punish the Germans? | In his campaign, he had promised to "squeeze the German lemon until the pips squeak" |
| How much were Germany required to pay in reparations? | 136,000 million marks |
| What were Germany required to accept in the TOV? | Blame for starting the war |
| Germany lost a lot of territory in Europe as part of the TOV, but what was lost in Africa | 11 colonies |
| Name 3 of Germany's military restrictions as part of the TOV | 1. Army limited to 100,000 men 2. No tanks 3. No air force |
| What word did German representatives use to describe the TOV? | Diktat (dictated peace) |
| What was Article 231 of the TOV? | The War Guilt Clause |
| What were the politicians who signed the TOV labelled as by the German people? | The November Criminals |
| What happened in the Weimar elections of 1920? | There was a concerning decline in support for moderate parties, with many people choosing to vote for extremist parties |
| What was the name of the left wing uprising face by the Weimar Republic? | The Spartacist Uprising |
| When was the Spartacist Uprising? | January 1919 |
| Who did the Weimar government use to put down the Spartacist Uprising? | Freikorps (former German troops who hated communism) |
| Who led the Spartacist Uprising? | Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht |
| What was the name of the right wing uprising faced by the Weimar Republic? | The Kapp Putsch |
| When was the Kapp Putsch? | March 1920 |
| Who led the Kapp Putsch? | Wolfgang Kapp |
| How did Ebert stop the Kapp Putsch? | He encouraged people to go on general strike, meaning essentials such as gas and water left the city unable to function |
| Where did Wolfgang Kapp flee after the Kapp Putsch failed? | Sweden |
| What did the French do in retaliation to Germany missing reparation payments? | Invaded the Ruhr |
| What was the Ruhr? | The centre of Germany's production of iron, steel and coal |
| What was the idea for France and Belgium behind the French invasion of the Ruhr? | To take their reparation payments in the form of industrial products instead of cash |
| What technique did German workers in the Ruhr use when they were invaded? | Passive resistance |
| When was the invasion of the Ruhr? | January 1923 |
| What was the positive effect of the invasion of the Ruhr for the German government? | They had gained a temporary popularity from resisting France and providing strike pay for its workers |
| What was the negative effect of the invasion of the Ruhr for the German government? | The government had to print more money to pay striking workers, resulting in hyperinflation |
| Which 2 groups of people were affected worst by hyperinflation? | 1. People on fixed incomes, such as pensioners 2. People with savings |
| Which 2 groups of people saw the benefit of hyperinflation? | 1. People with loans and mortgages to pay off 2. People who owned valuable possessions |
Created by:
JoeMather
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