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Physics

Nuclear Fission + Fusion (Section 7)

QuestionAnswer
What is nuclear fusion? When two small nuclei join together to produce a larger nucleus
What is nuclear fission? The splitting of an atom, releasing energy
Where can nuclear fission be made to happen? In a nuclear reactor
What causes a nucleus to split? When it absorbs a slow moving neutron
What happens when a nucleus absorbs a slow moving neutron? It splits and releases a small number of neutrons, which hit other nuclei
What does a nuclei such as uranium-235 spit out alongside a small number of neutrons when it absorbs a neutron? Two daughter nuclei
What tends to be a property of daughter nuclei? They are radioactive
In a reactor, what is used to slow down neutrons? A moderator of graphite or water
Why do neutrons in a reactor need to be slowed down? They have lots of energy when released by fission and they need to be slowed in order to be absorbed by the uranium
In a reactor, what is the role of a control rod? To limit the rate of fission by absorbing excess neutrons
What are control rods made of in a reactor? Boron
What is the shielding of a reactor made of? Thick concrete, sometimes containing other metals
What does carbon dioxide do in a reactor? Transfers energy from the reactor to the water, which turns to steam
In a reactor, once water turns to steam, what happens? Steam turns a turbine, which turns a generator and generates electricity
After nuclear fusion, is the mass of the larger nucleus greater than the two daughter nucelus? No, some mass was converted to energy and released during fusion
Fusion releases a lot/little bit of energy A lot
What conditions are required for fusion to occur? Very high pressure and temperature
Why are high pressure and temperature needed for nuclear fusion? Positively charged nuclei need to be very close to fuse, so they need to be moving very fast to overcome the strong force of electrostatic repulsion
State the type of energy released in a fission reaction Kinetic energy
Created by: JoeMather
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