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Chapter 5 Vocab.
Infection Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bacteria | One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics (can be harmful or harmless) |
| Bacterial spores | Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments that can be shed when conditions become more favorable |
| Bactericidal | Capable of destroying bacteria |
| Binary fission | The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called "daughter cells" |
| Biofilms | Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and to environmental surfaces |
| Bloodborne pathogens | Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids (ex. hepatitis or HIV) |
| Chelating soaps/detergents | Break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks |
| Clean | Mechanical process of scrubbing with soap/detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs that MUST be done BEFORE disinfecting |
| Cocci | Round-shaped bacteria that appear alone or in groups and come in three different types: staphylococci, streptococci, and diplococci |
| Contagious (communicable) disease | Disease that is spread from one person to another person (ex. cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis, viral infection) |
| Contamination | The presence (or anticipated presence) of blood, other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, or visible debris residues such as dust, hair, and skin |
| Decontamination | The removal of blood and all other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, as well as the removal of visible debris and residue (hair, dust, skin, etc.) |
| Diagnosis | Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests (federal regulations prohibit salon professionals performing this) |
| Diplococci | Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia |
| Direct transmission | Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact (touching, sneezing, coughing, shaking hands, etc.) |
| Disease | Abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, which makes the body incapable of functioning normally |
| Disinfectants | Chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces |
| Disinfection | Chemical process that destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces and is required in all states |
| Efficacy | The ability to produce an effect |
| Exposure incident | Contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious material that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties |
| Flagella (cilia) | Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion |
| Folliculitis barbae (tinea barbae/barber's itch) | Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs |
| Fungi | Single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts (may produce contagious diseases such as ringworm) |
| Fungicidal | Capable of destroying fungi |
| Hepatitis | Bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver |
| Hospital disinfectants | Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
| Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | Virus that can cause warts, certain types of cancers, and small black dots on the bottom of the feet known as "plantar warts" |
| Immunity | Ability of the body to destroy and resist infection (natural or acquired) |
| Indirect transmission | Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object (ex. razor, extractor, nipper, surface, etc.) |
| Infection | Invasion of the body tissues by disease-causing pathogens |
| infection control | Methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms |
| Infectious | Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection |
| Infectious disease | Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body (may be spread between individuals) |
| Inflammation | Condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection that is characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling |
| Local infection | Infection confined to a particular part of the body that appears as a lesion containing pus (ex. pimple or abcess) |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling, use procedures, precautions, and flammability warnings, that was later replaced by the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments due to incorrect doses or choice of antibiotic |
| Microorganism | Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size |
| Mildew | A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon |
| Motility | Self-movement |
| Multiuse items (reusable items) | Items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person even after exposure |
| Mycobacterium fortuiltum | Microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small quanities |
| Natural immunity | Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living |
| Nonpathogenic | Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm |
| Nonporous | Item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids |
| Occupational disease | Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients |
| Parasites | Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism (cannot survive without a host) |
| Parasitic disease | Disease caused by parasites (ex. lice or mites) |
| Pathogenic | Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body |
| Pathogenic disease | Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites |
| Phenolic disinfectants | Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants that are a form of formaldehyde, have a high pH, and can cause damage to the skin and eyes |
| Porous | Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings and are absorbent |
| Pus | Fluid created by infection |
| Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) | Products designed to disinfect nonporous surfaces that are effective against most pathogens and are appropriate for non-invasive environments |
| Safety Data Sheet (SDS) | Required by law for all products sold to include safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use, handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines, precautions to reduce risk, harm, or overexposure |
| Sanitizing | Chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level |
| Scabies | Contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin |
| Single-use items (disposable items) | Items that cannot be used more than once because they cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed or are damaged/contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting |
| Sodium hypochlorite | Common household bleach that is an effective disinfectant for the salon |
| Spirilla | Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis or Lyme disease |
| Standard Precautions (SP) | Wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membranes where contact with a client's blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes is likely (assuming all fluids are potential source of infection) |
| Staphylococci | Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters and can cause abscesses, pustules, and boils |
| Sterilization | Process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores |
| Streptococci | Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads (can cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning) |
| Systemic infection | Infection that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs (carried through blood or lymphatic system) |
| Tinea barbae | Superficial fungal infection caused by a variety of dermatophytes that commonly affect the skin and typically appears as deep, inflamed (or non-inflamed) patches of the skin on the face (bearded areas) or the nape of the neck |
| Tinea capitis | Fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of the hair follicles |
| Tinea pedis | Ringworm fungus of the foot |
| Toxins | Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) |
| Tuberculocidal disinfectants | Disinfectants that kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis |
| Tuberculosis | Disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing |
| Virucidal | Capable of destroying viruses |
| Virus | Parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms |
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Elyse1901
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