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5th Grade Math Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Addend | Any number being added. |
| Algorithm | set of steps used to solve a mathematical computation |
| Area | The number of square units that covers a shape or figure |
| Area model | a pictorial way of representing multiplication. In the area model, the length and width of a rectangle represent factors, and the area of the rectangle represents their product. |
| Array | an orderly arrangement in rows and columns used in multiplication and division to show how multiplication can be shown as repeated addition and division can be shown as fair shares. |
| *Associative Property of Addition | When three or more numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless of the grouping of the addends. For example (2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4) |
| *Associative Property of Multiplication | When three or more numbers are multiplied, the product is the same regardless of the grouping of the factors. For example (2 x 3) x 4 = 2 x (3 x 4) |
| Attribute | A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, size, etc. |
| Axis (plural: axes) | The vertical and horizontal lines that make up the quadrants of a coordinate plane. |
| Bar Model | a visual model used to solve word problems in the place of guess and check. |
| Base of an exponent | the number being raised to a certain power. |
| Base of a solid figure | usually thought of as a face upon which a solid figure can sit. Most solid figures have more than one. |
| Benchmark fractions | common fractions that you can judge other numbers against |
| Braces { } | extra forms of parentheses when one set of ( ) and one set of brackets [ ] is not enough to indicate all the grouping. The key to solving with these is start on the inside and work your way OUT. |
| Brackets [ | ] extra forms of parentheses when one set of ( ) is not enough to indicate all the grouping. The key to solving with these is start on the inside and work your way OUT. |
| Centimeter (cm) | A measure of length. There are 100 centimeters in a meter |
| Commutative Property of Addition | When two numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless of the order of the addends. For example 4 + 2 = 2 + 4 |
| sum | the result of adding two or more numbers |
| difference | the result of subtracting one number from another |
| product | the result of multiplying two or more numbers |
| quotient | the result of dividing one number by another |
| tenth | one part of 10 equal parts |
| hundredth | one part of 100 equal parts |
| thousandths place value | one part of 1000 equal parts |
| commutative | a property that states you can change the order of numbers and still get the same solution, when adding or multiplying |
| associative | a property that states you can change the grouping of numbers and still get the same solution, when adding or multiplying |
| distributive | a property that states that multiplying a number by a group of numbers added together is the same as doing each multiplication separately |
| identity | a property that states any number times 1 or any number plus zero remains the same |
| exponent | a number that tells how many times a number should be multiplied by itself |
| parentheses | grouping symbols |
| estimating | using values that are close enough, in order to make a simpler, mental math problem |
| evaluate | to find the value of |
| remainder | the amount left over after division |
| dividend | the number that gets divided |
| divisor | the number you divide by |
| factors | numbers we can multiply together to get another number |
| numerator | the top number in a fraction, which tells how many parts we have |
| denominator | the bottom number in fraction, which tells how many parts make a whole |
| fraction | part of a whole |
| mixed number | a whole number combined with a fractional part |
| decimal | a number that uses a decimal point and digits to represent tenths, hundredths, etc. |
| rounding | making a number simpler, by choosing one less, more or exact |
| operation | the mathematical step, such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing |
| unlike | denominators that are not the same |
| equivalent | means "equal", such as two fractions that are equal |
| simplest form | when the top and bottom numbers of a fraction cannot be made any smaller |
| renaming | calling a whole number by its fraction equivalent, such as 3/3 or 4/4 |
| model | a visual representation or drawing |
| area | the number of squares required to cover a flat surface |
| volume | the number of cubes required to fill a 3-dimensional figure |
| line plot | a graph that uses x's stacked in columns to display data |
| x-coordinate | the first coordinate in an ordered pair, which tells how far to move horizontally |
| y-coordinate | the second coordinate in an ordered pair, which tells how far to move vertically |
| inches | a unit of length, 12 of them make a foot |
| feet | a unit of length, 3 of them make a yard |
| yards | a unit of length, equal to 3 feet |
| miles | a unit of length, equivalent to 5,280 feet |
| gallon | a unit of capacity, equal to 4 quarts |
| quarts | a unit of capacity, 4 of them make a gallon |
| pints | a unit of capacity, equal to 2 cups |
| cups | a unit of capacity, equal to 8 ounces |
| fluid ounces | a unit of capacity, 8 of them make 1 cup |
| ton | a unit of weight, equal to 2,000 pounds |
| pounds | a unit of weight, equal to 16 ounces |
| ounces | a unit of weight, 16 of them equal 1 pound |
| elapsed time | the amount of time that has passed |
| seconds | a unit of time, 60 of them equal 1 minute |
| minutes | a unit of time, equal to 60 seconds |
| hours | a unit of time, 24 of them make 1 day |
| polygon | a plane, closed figure, with straight sides |
| regular | a polygon with congruent sides and congruent angles |
| acute | an angle less than 90 degrees |
| obtuse | an angle greater than 90 degrees |
| right | an angle with a measure of exactly 90 degrees |
| equilateral | a triangle with congruent sides |
| isosceles | a triangle with exactly 2 congruent sides |
| scalene | a triangle with no congruent sides |
| triangle | a 3-sided polygon |
| quadrilateral | a 4-sided polygon |
| pentagon | a 5-sided polygon |
| hexagon | a 6-sided polygon |
| octagon | an 8-sided polygon |
| decagon | a 10-sided polygon |
| parallelogram | a quadrilateral with exactly 2 pairs of parallel sides |
| rectangle | a quadrilateral with 4 right angles |
| rhombus | a quadrilateral with all congruent sides |
| square | a quadrilateral with 4 congruent sides and 4 right angles |
| trapezoid | a quadrilateral with exactly 1 pair of parallel sides |
| composite | a figure composed of two or more smaller figures that are combined |
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